Yellowfin cutthroat trout

Yellowfin cutthroat trout
A 1907 illustration by David Starr Jordan
Conservation status
Presumed Extinct  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Salmoniformes
Family:	Salmonidae
Genus:	Oncorhynchus
Species:	O. clarkii
Subspecies:	O. c. macdonaldi
Trinomial name
Oncorhynchus clarkii macdonaldi Jordan & Fisher, 1891

Main article: Cutthroat trout

The yellowfin cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii macdonaldi) is an extinct subspecies or variety of the cutthroat trout, a North American freshwater fish.

Natural history

At the end of the last ice-age boulders and clay moraine blocked off a tributary of the headwaters of the Arkansas River in what is now the state of Colorado. The two lakes which formed were named the "Twin Lakes" by the area's settlers. Both lakes held small greenback cutthroat trout from the early days of the Wild West, but in the mid-1880s reports circulated of much larger trout, up to 10 pounds (5 kg) in weight, with bright yellow fins. Recent research has speculated that the yellowfin cutthroat may have been native to the entire Arkansas River basin, not just Twin Lakes.^[2]

Discovery and naming

In July 1889, Professor David Starr Jordan and G. R. Fisher visited Twin Lakes and published their discoveries in the 1891 Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission.^{[citation needed]} They found both the greenback and what they proclaimed to be a new species the "yellowfin cutthroat". In the species description, published in the 1890 edition of the Proceedings of the United States National Museum,^[3] Jordan and Evermann described the fish as follows:

Color, silvery olive; a broad lemon yellow shade along the sides, lower fins bright golden yellow in life, no red anywhere except the deep red dash on each side of the throat.

The subspecies was scientifically named macdonaldi after the US Fish Commissioner, Marshall McDonald.

Jordan's specimens were re-examined by the fisheries biologist Robert J. Behnke, who commented, "I have no doubt that Jordan was correct; the yellowfin trout and the greenback trout from Twin Lakes were two distinct groups of cutthroat trout".^[4]

Extinction

Until about 1903, greenback and yellowfin cutthroats survived together in Twin Lakes, the populations remaining isolated as both breeders and feeders. The end for the yellowfin cutthroat came soon after the introduction of the rainbow trout to Twin Lakes. The greenback population interbred with the rainbows, resulting in cutbows, but the yellowfin disappeared completely. The yellowfin is now extinct.

References

1. NatureServe (2 February 2024). "Oncorhynchus clarkii macdonaldi". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
2. "Piecing together the past: using DNA to resolve the heritage of our state fish" (PDF). Rogers, K. B. Colorado Outdoors. 2012. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
3. Jordan, David Starr and Evermann, Barton Warren. 1889. "Description of the yellow-finned trout of Twin Lakes, Colorado". Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Vol. XXI pages 453–454.Description of the yellow-finned trout of Twin Lakes, Colorado
4. Behnke, R.J. (1979). Monograph of the native trouts of the genus Salmo of western North America. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. p. 104.

Further reading

• Trotter, Patrick C. (2008). Cutthroat: Native Trout of the West (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25458-9.