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XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal
XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal
; Cabinet of Portugal
	Prime Minister José Socrates
Date formed	26 October 2009
Date dissolved	21 June 2011 (1 year, 7 months and 26 days)
People and organisations
President of the Republic	Aníbal Cavaco Silva
Prime Minister	José Sócrates
No. of ministers	16 ministers
Member party	Socialist Party (PS)
Status in legislature	Minority government
Opposition parties	Social Democratic Party (PSD); CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP); Left Bloc (BE); Portuguese Communist Party (PCP); Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV);
History
Elections	2009 Portuguese legislative election; (27 September 2009)
Predecessor	XVII Constitutional Government of Portugal
Successor	XIX Constitutional Government of Portugal

The XVIII Constitutional Government of Portugal (Portuguese: XVIII Governo Constitucional de Portugal) was the 18th government of the Third Portuguese Republic, under the Portuguese Constitution of 1976. It was in office from 26 October 2009 to 21 June 2011, and was formed by the members of the Socialist Party (PS). José Sócrates, leader of the PS, served as Prime Minister.^[1]

Composition

The government was composed of the Prime Minister and 16 ministries comprising ministers, secretaries and under-secretaries of state.

Office	Minister			Start of term	End of term
Prime Minister		José Sócrates	PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of State and Foreign Affairs		Luís Amado	PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of State and Finance		Fernando Teixeira dos Santos	Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Presidency		Pedro Silva Pereira	PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of National Defense		Augusto Santos Silva	PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Internal Administration	Rui Pereira		Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Justice	Alberto Martins		PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of the Economy, Innovation and Development		José António Vieira da Silva	PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries	António Serrano		Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Public Works, Transport and Communications	António Mendonça		Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of the Environment and Spatial Planning	Dulce Pássaro		Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Labour and Social Solidarity	Helena André		PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Health		Ana Jorge	Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Education		Isabel Alçada	Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Science, Technology and Higher Education		Mariano Gago	Independent	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Culture		Gabriela Canavilhas	PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs	Jorge Lacão		PS	26 October 2009	21 June 2011

Events

In 2008–09, with the Great Recession starting to hit Portugal and facing recession and high unemployment,^[2] austerity was waned as part of the European economic stimulus plan.^[3] Nevertheless, support for Sócrates and the Socialists eroded and the ruling party lost its majority in the 2009 election.^[2] The second government of José Sócrates faced a deterioration of the economic and financial state of the country, with skyrocketing deficit and growing debt.^[2] Austerity was resumed in 2010 while the country entered a hard financial crisis in the context of the European debt crisis.^[4]

On 23 March 2011, Sócrates submitted his resignation to President Aníbal Cavaco Silva after the Parliament rejected a new austerity package (the fourth in a year), leading to the 2011 snap election. Financial status of the country deteriorated and on 6 April Sócrates caretaker government requested a bail-out program which was conceded. The €78 billion IMF/European Union bailout to Portugal thus started and would last until May 2014. Sócrates lost the snap election held on 5 June 2011 and resigned as Secretary-General of the Socialist Party.^[5] For most of his political career, Sócrates was associated to several corruption cases, notably Independente University and Freeport cases.^[6]

References

^ "Taking possession of the 18th Constitutional Government, (in Portuguese),". Republica Portuguesa. 26 October 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Portugal > Sovereign debt crisis". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
^ Peres Jorge, Rui (30 May 2017). "2009: O procedimento que ensombra o país há oito anos" [2009: the procedure that haunts the country for eight years] (in Portuguese). Jornal de Negócios. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
^ "Sócrates dá primeira entrevista após aprovação do pacote de austeridade" [Sócrates gives first interview following approval of the austerity package] (in Portuguese). Jornal de Negócios. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
^ "Socrates demite-se". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). 5 June 2011. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
^ Gomes, Margarida (22 November 2014). "José Sócrates: uma carreira cheia de suspeitas" [José Sócrates: a career full of suspicions]. Público (in Portuguese). Retrieved 24 August 2018.