World Chess Championship 1990

World Chess Championship 1990
 
Defending champion

Challenger
 
Garry Kasparov
Garry Kasparov
Anatoly Karpov
Anatoly Karpov
  Russia[a] Garry Kasparov Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov
 
12½Scores11½
  Born 13 April 1963
27 years old		 Born 23 May 1951
39 years old
  Winner of the 1987 World Chess Championship Winner of the Candidates Tournament
  Rating: 2800
(World No. 1)		 Rating: 2730
(World No. 2)
← 1987
1993 →

The World Chess Championship 1990 was played between Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov. It was the fifth and final Kasparov–Karpov championship match, and saw Kasparov win by a single point.

1987 Interzonal tournaments

Three Interzonals were held in the summer of 1987, with 16 to 18 players playing in each and the top three scorers from each qualifying.

June–July 1987 Interzonal, Subotica
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total Tie break
1  Gyula Sax (Hungary) 2570 - 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 0 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 10½ 74.25
2  Nigel Short (England) 2615 0 - ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 10½ 73.00
3  Jon Speelman (England) 2550 ½ ½ - 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 10½ 70.75
4  Mikhail Tal (Soviet Union) 2605 ½ ½ 1 - ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 0 1 10 72.50
5  Zoltán Ribli (Hungary) 2580 ½ 0 0 ½ - ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 63.25
6  Amador Rodríguez Céspedes (Cuba) 2495 0 0 ½ ½ ½ - ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 8½
7  Slavoljub Marjanović (Yugoslavia) 2505 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ - ½ 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 8
8  Vasily Smyslov (Soviet Union) 2550 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ - ½ 0 0 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 7½ 52.00
9  Alexander Chernin (Soviet Union) 2570 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ - 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 7½ 51.00
10  Petar Popović (Yugoslavia) 2540 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 0 - 1 0 0 ½ ½ 1 7
11  Alonso Zapata (Colombia) 2505 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 - ½ 0 1 ½ 1 6½
12  Thomas Ernst (Sweden) 2465 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 ½ - 1 1 1 0 6
13  Lev Alburt (United States) 2575 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 1 1 0 - ½ 0 ½ 5½
14  Xu Jun (China) 2495 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 0 ½ - 1 ½ 5
15  Devaki Prasad (India) 2425 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 0 - ½ 4
16  Ahmed Ibrahim Hamed (Egypt) 2310 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ ½ - 3

In the first tournament in Subotica, Sax, Short, and Speelman qualified. Lubomir Kavalek withdrew after six rounds; his results are not included in the totals for the other players. Robert Hübner was invited, but declined to participate. As a result, Ribli had a free day during the last round. To show his displeasure, he refused to take part in a playoff against Tal, which could have been important, if a reserve spot had opened up in the Candidates Tournament.

July–August 1987 Interzonal, Szirak
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Total Tie break
1  Valery Salov (Soviet Union) 2575 - ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 12½ 97.25
2  Jóhann Hjartarson (Iceland) 2550 ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 12½ 96.50
3  Lajos Portisch (Hungary) 2615 ½ ½ - ½ 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 12 98.50
4  John Nunn (England) 2585 ½ ½ ½ - ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 0 1 1 1 12 92.50
5  Alexander Beliavsky (Soviet Union) 2630 0 ½ 0 ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 11
6  Ulf Andersson (Sweden) 2600 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ - ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 10½
7  Ljubomir Ljubojević (Yugoslavia) 2625 ½ 0 1 0 ½ ½ - ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 10
8  Larry Christiansen (United States) 2575 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ - ½ 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 ½ 1 1 9
9  Joel Benjamin (United States) 2575 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ - 0 ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 8½ 61.75
10  Miodrag Todorcevic (Yugoslavia) 2475 1 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 - 1 0 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 8½ 59.75
11  Mihail Marin (Romania) 2475 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 - 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 7½ 52.75
12  Dragoljub Velimirović (Yugoslavia) 2520 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 0 - 1 ½ 1 0 1 1 7½ 51.75
13  András Adorján (Hungary) 2540 0 1 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 - 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 7 55.00
14  Gilberto Milos (Brazil) 2495 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ 0 - ½ 1 0 1 7 49.75
15  Glenn Flear (England) 2480 0 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ - ½ 1 1 6
16  Jesús de la Villa (Spain) 2485 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ - 0 1 5½
17  Slim Bouaziz (Tunisia) 2370 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 0 1 - ½ 4½
18  Denis Allan (Canada) 2310 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ - 1½

In the Szirák tournament, Valery Salov and Jóhann Hjartarson finished at the top of the table, while Lajos Portisch and John Nunn tied for third. The last place in the Candidates Tournament was decided in a separate playoff in Budapest, with Portisch defeating Nunn 4–2.

August 1987 Interzonal, Zagreb
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total Tie break
1  Viktor Korchnoi (Switzerland) 2630 - ½ 1 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 11
2  Jaan Ehlvest (Soviet Union) 2540 ½ - ½ ½ 1 1 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 0 10 80.75
3  Yasser Seirawan (United States) 2600 0 ½ - 1 ½ ½ 1 0 0 1 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 10 73.50
4  Jesús Nogueiras (Cuba) 2555 1 ½ 0 - 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 9½ 71.00
5  Predrag Nikolić (Yugoslavia) 2620 ½ 0 ½ 0 - ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 9½ 67.50
6  Julio Granda (Peru) 2525 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 9½ 67.50
7  Eugenio Torre (Philippines) 2540 1 1 0 ½ 1 ½ - ½ 0 1 ½ ½ 0 0 1 ½ 1 9
8  Lev Polugaevsky (Soviet Union) 2595 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ - ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 8½ 65.25
9  Vereslav Eingorn (Soviet Union) 2575 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ - ½ 0 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 8½ 61.25
10  Yehuda Gruenfeld (Israel) 2545 0 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ - 0 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 8½ 59.50
11  József Pintér (Hungary) 2575 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 - 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 8½ 59.25
12  Krunoslav Hulak (Yugoslavia) 2495 0 0 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 0 0 - ½ 1 ½ 1 1 7½
13  Ventzislav Inkiov (Bulgaria) 2485 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ - ½ ½ ½ ½ 7
14  Tony Miles (England) 2585 ½ 0 1 ½ 0 0 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ - 0 0 1 6½
15  Dragan Barlov (Yugoslavia) 2555 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 1 0 0 ½ ½ 1 - ½ 1 6
16  Jörg Hickl (West Germany) 2455 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ 1 ½ - 1 5
17  Fletcher Baragar (Canada) 2320 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 - 1½

Viktor Korchnoi emerged as winner of the last tournament in Zagreb, ahead of Jaan Ehlvest and Yasser Seirawan. In an extra playoff in Havana in November, Nikolić took the place as reserve for the Candidates Tournament with 6 points, ahead of Granda (4) and Nogueiras (2). No reserve was needed, however.

1988–90 Candidates Tournament

In addition to nine players from the Interzonals, the top four of the previous Candidates Tournament (Sokolov, Timman, Vaganian, and Yusupov) qualified directly for this tournament. The Canadian organizers of the preliminary matches (which were held in Saint John, New Brunswick) nominated one player, (Spraggett). Finally, Karpov, the challenger in the previous cycle, was seeded into the quarterfinals.

Preliminary matches
Saint John, Jan–Feb 1988 		Quarterfinals
Antwerp, London, Quebec, and Seattle, Aug 1988 – Feb 1989 		Semifinals
London, Oct 1989 		Final
Kuala Lumpur, Mar 1990
            
Hungary Lajos Portisch 3½
Soviet Union Rafael Vaganian 2½
Hungary Lajos Portisch 2½
Netherlands Jan Timman 3½
Soviet Union Valery Salov 2½
Netherlands Jan Timman 3½
Netherlands Jan Timman 4½
England Jon Speelman 3½
England Jon Speelman 4
United States Yasser Seirawan 1
England Jon Speelman 3½
England Nigel Short 1½
England Nigel Short 3½
Hungary Gyula Sax 1½
Netherlands Jan Timman 2½
Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 6½
Soviet Union Artur Yusupov 3½
Soviet Union Jaan Ehlvest 1½
Soviet Union Artur Yusupov 5
Canada Kevin Spraggett 4
Canada Kevin Spraggett 6½
Soviet Union Andrei Sokolov 5½
Soviet Union Artur Yusupov 3½
Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 4½
Iceland Jóhann Hjartarson 4½
Switzerland Viktor Korchnoi 3½
Iceland Jóhann Hjartarson 1½
Soviet Union Anatoly Karpov 3½

Karpov won, once again facing Kasparov for the fifth and final time in seven years. Karpov later alleged that a Dutch sponsor had offered to pay him to lose the match against Timman.[1]

1990 Championship match

The first twelve games were played in New York City (8 October – 7 November), the other twelve taking place in Lyon, France (26 November – 30 December).[2]

World Chess Championship Match 1990
Rating 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total
 Anatoly Karpov (Soviet Union) 2730 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 1 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 11½
 Garry Kasparov (Russia)[a] 2800 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 ½ 12½

Kasparov won the match and retained his title.

Flag controversy

Although still a Soviet citizen, Kasparov refused to play the Championship match under the flag of the USSR. Instead, he wanted to use the Russian flag (not the flag of the RSFSR, but the old tri-color) which, incidentally, would be re-adopted after the collapse of the Soviet Union a year later. Kasparov was indeed allowed to play with a small Russian tri-color at the table.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Although formally representing the Soviet Union, Kasparov used the Russian historical tricolour flag, used by the anti-Soviet opposition at the time of the USSR's collapse.

References

  1. ^ "Главные спортивные новости на сегодня | Последние новости спорта в России и мире".
  2. ^ "Kasparov vs Karpov, 1990". Chessgames. Retrieved 2008-06-14.
  3. ^ Kasparov 2010: 83–84.

Further reading

Kasparov, Garry 2010. Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part 4: Kasparov v Karpov 1988–2009. London: Everyman Chess.

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!