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William Augustus Hancock
William Augustus Hancock
Service / branch	Union Army
American Civil War	1864–1866
Rank	second lieutenant
Unit	7th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry

William Augustus Hancock
William Augustus Hancock
Born	May 17, 1831; Barre, Massachusetts, US
Died	March 24, 1902 (aged 70); Phoenix, Arizona, US
Burial place	Phoenix's Pioneer and Military Memorial Park
Education	Leicester Academy
Service / branch
William Augustus Hancock
Service / branch	Union Army
American Civil War	1864–1866
Rank	second lieutenant
Unit	7th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry

William Augustus Hancock (May 17, 1831 – March 24, 1902) was an American pioneer, attorney, and politician. Arriving in Arizona Territory during the American Civil War, he settled in the Salt River Valley. There he performed the survey work required to create the town of Phoenix as well as holding a variety of governmental offices at the city and county levels.

Biography

Hancock was born in Barre, Massachusetts, on May 17, 1831, into a family of New England farmers.^[1] He was educated in local schools and at Leicester Academy.^[2] In 1853, Hancock joined with two of his brothers and purchased some livestock in Iowa and then drove their herd to California.^[1] Upon his arrival, Hancock engaged in ranching and mining in Sacramento County^[3] Following an 1857 visit to his hometown, Hancock returned to California with a Thoroughbred stallion and several other horses.^[1]

In 1864, during the American Civil War, Hancock enlisted in Company K of the 7th Regiment California Volunteer Infantry.^[3] His unit was assigned to Fort Yuma in February 1865. There Hancock was reassigned to the 1st Arizona Volunteers and commissioned a second lieutenant.^[1] From Fort Yuma, he was transferred to Fort McDowell, Arizona, and placed in charge of a unit of Pima Indians fighting in the Apache Wars.^[3] Hancock left the military in September 1866 as a first lieutenant and, following the traditions of the day, became known as "Captain" Hancock.^[1]

After leaving the military, Hancock operated a trading post near his former post.^[3] In May 1870, he moved to the Salt River Valley.^[1] There, on November 10, 1870, he was hired by the Salt River Valley Town Association to survey and plat a townsite for the foundation of Phoenix.^[4] By December 10, Hancock had completed enough surveying work to allow for initial sale of plots on the eastern side of the new town.^[5] The next year Hancock built Phoenix's first adobe home.^[6] It is unclear as to whether the structure was the first building in Phoenix or only the first building constructed after the townsite was selected.^[4] In addition to being Hancock's home, the building also served as a general store, butcher shop, town hall, county office and general meeting place.^[6]

Hancock continued to perform survey and civil engineering work in the Salt River Valley for several years. Before he was done he had completed the initial town site and several irrigation canals and drainage ditches.^[1] To this he added several other jobs. Hancock became Phoenix's postmaster in 1871, a position he held for eight years.^[7]^[1] He was appointed sheriff for Maricopa County when the county was formed.^[3] About the same time he was appointed to a four-year term as district attorney.^[8] When he was appointed probate judge he became the ex officio superintendent of the county school board.^[8]^[1] For several years he was a partner of Charles Austin Tweed in a law firm which they established. He continued to practice after the death of his partner. ^[1] In 1886, Hancock won election to another term as county attorney.^[8]

When the Maricopa and Phoenix Railroad reached Phoenix in 1887, Hancock drove the final spike in the new rail line.^[9] He was also active in several irrigation projects.^[1] In 1900, Hancock proposed a company that would build flood control dams and provide irrigation water to 275,000 acres (1,110 km²) of land in the Salt River valley. The proposal would eventually result in the creation of the Salt River Valley Water Users' Association^[9] His final years were additionally spent representing another dam project on the Agua Fria River.^[3]

Hancock died in Phoenix from nephritis on March 24, 1902, and was buried in Phoenix's Pioneer and Military Memorial Park.^[3] He was widely respected and mourned at the time of his death.^[1] Hancock Butte, near the north rim of the Grand Canyon, is named in his memory.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Goff 1983, p. 46.
^ Herringshaw 1901, p. 445.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Arizona Loses Noted Pioneer". The San Francisco Call. March 25, 1902. p. 9.
^ ^a ^b Mawn 1977, p. 219.
^ Mawn 1977, p. 220.
^ ^a ^b Nilsen, Richard (June 24, 2011). "Phoenix architecture: The rise of adobe". The Arizona Republic.
^ McClintock 1916, p. 567.
^ ^a ^b ^c Herringshaw 1914, p. 46.
^ ^a ^b Nilsen, Richard (June 24, 2011). "Phoenix history: Canals bring water, progress". The Arizona Republic.
^ Granger 1976, p. 12.

Goff, John S. (1983). Arizona Biographical Dictionary. Cave Creek, AZ: Black Mountain Press. OCLC 10740532.
Granger, Byrd H. (1976). Grand Canyon Place Names. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0816505381.
Herringshaw, Thomas William, ed. (1901). Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography of the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: American Publishers Association. OCLC 2435136.
Herringshaw, Thomas William, ed. (1914). Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography of the Nineteenth Century. Vol. III. Chicago: American Publishers Association. OCLC 3152314.
Mawn, Geoffrey P. (Autumn 1977). "Promoters, Speculators, and the Selection of the Phoenix Townsite". Arizona and the West. 19 (3). Journal of the Southwest: 207–224. JSTOR 40168645.
McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, prehistoric, aboriginal, pioneer, modern. Vol. II. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co. OCLC 5398889.