Washington Formation

Washington Formation
Stratigraphic range: Permian
Bituminous coal (Washington Coal, Upper Pennsylvanian; Ohio)
Type	Formation
Unit of	Dunkard Group^[1]
Sub-units	Upper Washington Jollytown coal Hundred sandstone Upper Marietta Washington “A” coal Middle Washington Lower Washington Lower Marietta Washington (No. 12) coal Little Washington coal Mannington sandstone Waynesburg “A” coal Waynesburg Sandstone Elm Grove limestone Cassville
Underlies	Greene Formation
Overlies	Waynesburg Formation
Lithology
Primary	limestone, sandstone, coal
Other	shale
Location
Region	Ohio and West Virginia
Country	United States

The Washington Formation is a coal, sandstone, and limestone geologic formation located in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.^[1] It dates back to the Lower Permian period, with its base at or near the Permian/Carboniferous boundary.^[2] ^[3] The Washington formation and the Dunkard Group as a whole was deposited at a time when the continents were in the process of forming the "Super Continent" Pangaea as well as a gradual drop in sea levels.^[4] The result during this period was coals being thinner and impure with high ash content. The limestones found with in the formation are exclusively freshwater deposits.

References

^ ^a ^b Berryhill, Henry L. Jr.; Swanson, Vernon E. (1962). "Geological Survey research 1962; Short papers in geology and hydrology" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 450-C: 43–46. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
^ Wayne Martin, Bernard Henniger (1965). "The Hockingport and Waynesburg Sandstones (Pennsylvanian and Permian) of the Dunkard Group: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 49. doi:10.1306/a66335b4-16c0-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
^ M. A. Rendina, Wayne D. Martin (1985). "Provenance of Selected Sandstones and Mud Rocks of Dunkard Group (Upper Pennsylvanian-Permian) in Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania: ABSTRACT". AAPG Bulletin. 69. doi:10.1306/94885417-1704-11d7-8645000102c1865d. ISSN 0149-1423.
^ Haq, Bilal U.; Schutter, Stephen R. (2008-10-03). "A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes". Science. 322 (5898): 64–68. doi:10.1126/science.1161648. ISSN 0036-8075.

Chronostratigraphy of Ohio

Cisuralian	Dunkard Group Greene Formation Washington Formation

Gzhelian	Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation Pittsburgh Formation
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation Glenshaw Formation
Moscovian	Allegheny Group Pottsville Group

Viséan	Maxville Limestone
Tournaisian	Cuyahoga Formation Logan Formation Sunbury Shale
Coldwater Shale Rushville Shale

Famennian	Bedford Shale Berea Sandstone Cussewago Sandstone Ohio Shale Cleveland Shale Chagrin Shale Huron Shale)
Frasnian	Burket Shale Olentangy Shale (upper)

West Falls Group: Angola Shale; Rhinestreet Shale

Givetian	Tully Formation Mahantango Formation Olentangy Shale (lower) Plum Brook Shale Prout Limestone Silica Formation
Eifelian	Amherstburg Dolomite Columbus Limestone Delaware Limestone Detroit River Group Hillsboro Sandstone Marcellus Shale

Emsian	Amherstburg Dolomite Detroit River Group Hillsboro Sandstone
Lochkovian	Holland Quarry Shale

Bertie Formation

Ludfordian	Salina Group
Gorstian	Salina Group Guelph Dolomite

Homerian	Lockport Group Gasport Dolomite Guelph Dolomite Goat Island Dolomite

Brassfield Formation

Cabot Head Shale

Clinton Formation

Drowning Creek Formation

Manitoulin Dolomite

Upper	Arnheim Formation Cincinnati Group Drakes Formation Fairview Formation Grant Lake Formation Kope Formation Liberty Formation Miamitown Shale Queenston Shale Saluda Formation Trenton Limestone Waynesville Formation Whitewater Formation
Middle	Black River Group Lexington Limestone Point Pleasant Formation Trenton Limestone Wells Creek Formation

Furongian	Conasauga Formation Eau Claire Formation Kerbel Formation Knox Dolomite Rome Formation

Mt. Simon Sandstone

Z	Swift Run Formation

Middle Run Formation

Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania

Dunkard Group
Greene Formation:

Windy Gap Limestone

Windy Gap Coal

Gilmore Sandstone

Nineveh Sandstone

Nineveh Coal

Nineveh Limestone

Fish Creek Sandstone

Claysville Limestone

Dunkard Coal

Prosperity Limestone

Tenmile Coal

Donley Limestone

Upper Washington Coal

Rockport Member

Washington Formation:

Upper Washington Limestone Member

Jollytown Limestone Member

Jollytown Coal

Middle Washington Limestone Member

Washington Coal

Lower Washington Limestone Member

Gzhelian	Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation: Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington Coal Waynesburg“B” coal Middle Waynesburg Member Waynesburg“A” coal Lower Waynesburg Member Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation: Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal" Gilboy Sandstone Member Little Waynesburg Coal Waynesburg Limestone Member Uniontown Sanstone Member Annabelle Shale Member Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal" Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime" Fulton Shale Member Pittsburgh Formation: Benwood Limestone Upper Sewickley Coal Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal" Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Limestone Member Cedarville Sanstone Member Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal" Westone Sanstone Member Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation: Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member Little Pittsburgh coal seam Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member Connellsville Member Morgantown Member Birmingham Member Glenshaw Formation Ames Limestone Pittsburgh Red Beds Upper Bakerstown coal Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member Woods Run Limestone Member Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member Pine Creek Limestone Member Buffalo Sandstone Member Bush Creek Limestone Member Mahoning Formation Bush Creek Coal Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal" Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
Moscovian	Allegheny Group Freeport Formation: Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Butler Sandstone Member Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Freeport Sandstone Member Kittanning Formation Upper Kittanning Coal Johnstone Limestone Member Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal" Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal" Kittanning Sandstone Member Clarian Formation Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal" Vanport Limestone Member Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal" Brookville Member Pottsville Group Beaver River Formation: Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand" Mercer Formation Upper Mercer Limestone Member Upper Mercer Coal Lower Mercer Limestone Member Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
Bashkirian	Pottsville Group Connoquenessing Formation: Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand" Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal" Quakertown Fire Clay Quakertown Shale Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member Sharon Formation Sharon Shale Member Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal" Sharon Sandstone

Serpukhovian	Shenango Formation Mauch Chunk Group Bluestone Formation Princeton Formation Hinton Formation Maxton Sandstone Bluefield Formation "Little Lime"
Viséan	Greenbrier Limestone "Big Lime" Loyalhanna Formation
Tournaisian	Cuyahoga Formation Pocono Group Burgoon Formation "Big Injun Sandstone" Sunbury Shale Berea Sandstone Bedford Shale Rockwell Formation

Venango Group

Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,

Chadakoin Formation, First Warren

Bradford Group

Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane

Elk Group

1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand

Ohio Shale

Cleveland Shale

Chagrin Formation

Huron Shale

Catskill Group

Duncannon Member

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

Catskill Group

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

West Falls Group

Angola Formation

Rhinestreet Shale

Sonyea Group

Cashaqua Shale

Middlesex Shale

Genesee Group / Harrell Shale

West River Shale

Penn Yan Formation

Burket Shale / Geneseo Shale

Givetian	Tully Limestone Hamilton Group Moscow Formation Ludlow Formation Skaneateles Formation Tichnor Formation Mahantango Formation
Eifelian	Hamilton Group Marcellus Formation Onondaga Limestone Seneca Moorehouse Nedrow Edgecliff Huntersville Chert Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member Needmore Shale

Emsian	Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation Oriskany Formation Helderberg Group (geology)
Pragian	Helderberg Group (geology)
Lochkovian	Helderberg Group (geology) Keyser Formation Manlius Limestone

Salina Group

Bertie Formation

Ludfordian	Salina Group Camillus Formation
Gorstian	Salina Group Syracuse Formation

Homerian	Salina Group Vernon Formation Lockport Group Guelph Formation Eramosa Formation Goat Island Formation Gasport Formation

Clinton Group

Rochester Shale

Rose Hill Formation "Red Clinton"

Medina Group

Tuscarora Formation

Upper	Queenston Formation Reedsville Formation Utica Shale Trenton Group Coburn Formation Salona Formation Rodman Formation Black River Group Linden Hall Formation Snyder Formation Hatter Formation Loyalsburg Formation
Middle	Wells Creek Formation Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group: Bellefonte Formation
Lower	Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group Axeman Formation Nittany Formation Stonehenge Formation

Knox Supergroup

Stage 4	Kinzers Formation

Grenville Complex

Chronostratigraphy of West Virginia

Eocene	Igneous intrusives

J	Igneous intrusives

Asselian	Dunkard Group

Gzhelian	Monongahela Formation
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group
Moscovian	Allegheny Formation
Bashkirian	Pottsville Group Kanawha Formation New River Formation Pocahontas Formation

Serpukhovian	Bluestone Formation Princeton Sandstone Hinton Formation Bluefield Formation
Viséan	Greenbrier Group
Tournaisian	Price Formation Cuyahoga Formation Maccrady Formation Sunbury Shale Berea Sandstone

Famennian	Price Formation Berea Sandstone Bedford Shale Ohio Shale Brallier Formation
Frasnian	Brallier Formation Java Formation West Falls Formation Rhinestreet Sonyea Formation Harrell Shale Genesee Formation

Givetian	Tully Limestone Hamilton Group
Eifelian	Hamilton Group Marcellus Shale Onondaga Limestone Needmore Shale Huntersville Chert

Emsian	Needmore Shale Huntersville Chert
Pragian	Oriskany Sandstone
Lochkovian	Helderberg Group

Ludfordian	Salina Group Tonoloway Formation
Gorstian	Salina Group

Homerian	Salina Group Wills Creek Formation Williamsport Formation McKenzie Formation
Sheinwoodian	Lockport Dolomite McKenzie Formation

Telychian	Lockport Dolomite McKenzie Formation Keefer Formation Rose Hill Formation Rochester Shale
Aeronian	Tuscarora Sandstone Clinton Sandstone

Hirnantian	Cincinnati Group Juniata Formation
Katian	Cincinnati Group Juniata Formation Reedsville Formation Utica Shale
Sandbian	Lexington Limestone Trenton Limestone

Darriwilian	Trenton Limestone Black River Group
Dapingian	St. Paul Group

St. Peter Sandstone

Tremadocian	Wells Creek Formation Knox Group Beekmantown Dolomite Rose Run Sandstone

Stage 10	Knox Group Copper Ridge Dolomite

Chilhowee Group: Antietam Formation; Harpers Formation; Weverton Formation; Loudoun Formation

Ediacaran	Catoctin Formation

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