The article title: Recycling in South Korea.
The article title: Recycling in South Korea.
Recycling is the process of converting the waste materials to be reusable.
Since it is about recycling in South Korea, it will be under WikiProject of Korea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Korea/Redlist)
The food wastes as well as E-wastes in South Korea has been excessively increasing in recent years that are caused by unsustainable actions. Moreover, the government in South Korea prohibited some of the unsustainable actions such as, disposal of organic wastes to the ocean and they applied the recycling processes to the citizens in South Korea. This has gave impacts economically and scientifically to South Korea. Thus, this has made a lot of researches to be continued and there are many independent secondary sources that are reliable. It also gives presumed significant coverage that is directly related to the topic. Furthermore, since it will be written according to the reliable sources that is written with facts, there will be no original research and will not contain any personal and/or opposing opinions, or improper language which goes against the neutrality. Thus, it will fulfill the requirements of the Wikipedia.
Circular economy is the process of regenerative system which minimizes the waste and makes the most of resources. South Korea recorded the second highest recycling country among the OECD countries in 2013. 'Cycle availability evaluation' is applied when a producer makes the hard to be recycled products. This means, the producer will be need to reduce material that is hard to be recycled or make the product which is easier to be recycled. If they landfill waste then they have to pay the 'waste disposal fee'.
From 1995, South Korea separated the waste collection systems for food wastes with households which they are needed to purchase the specified plastic bag. Since 2005, food waste of landfill has been prohibited in South Korea. Due to the prohibition, separation of collection system and recycling food wastes were dramatically promoted which increased the number of active cooperation of citizens. This lead to the high level of recycling in food waste. Food wastes in South Korea have a high moisture content which putrefies extremely easily and give serious threats to groundwater and soil contamination. It also have a high salinity and very low pH. Greenhouse gas can be produced if landfill sites are without proper gas facility. Marine environment can be affected by detrimental effects that is produced by the disposal of Food Waste Leachate (FWL) to the ocean and the organic load in the plants increases as sewage treatment plants are disposed to the ocean. Thus, disposal of organic wastes to the ocean has been banned since 2012.
The solid food waste goes through the Crusher then Crusher and Screen. It is passed to Screw Press then Dryer, Composter, Curing Facility, Storage and Fertilizer. The liquid food waste is processed in different way than solid food waste. The food waste leachate (FWL) recycles the food waste into fertilizer. There is two facilities that handle 130 ton per day of food waste generating 99.9 ton per day of leachate.
Waste home appliances are increasing continuously with economic growth. Many home appliances are recyclable and those materials can be used to create other products. As South Korea's economic growth rises, the waste home appliances also rises. About 40 percent of waste home appliances are collected by the local governments, about 50 percent is company's logistic center, and others are secondhand goods centers, and secondhand dealers.
This source investigates the effect of key parameters, viz., temperature, alkalinity and salinity on methane yield with the climatic conditions in South Korea and characteristics of The Food waste leachate (FWL). FWL is used in the recycling process of food waste in South Korea. For a clean and renewable energy resource, FWL is a sustainable way. Moreover, FWL is highly desirable feedstock in the bioreactor landfills or anaerobic digesters of the methane production.
This reference contains information about the food wastes and its recycles in South Korea. Also, it describes South Korea's solid flows and solid recovery rates of food waste. The government in South Korea have separated the waste collection systems from 1995. The households need to purchase specific plastic bag for different types of wastes. The households can discharge the general waste and separated food waste using general plastic bad which is unspecified. Therefore, since people wanted to save the money, they started separating food waste by decreasing the amount of general waste. Yet, the separation rate of food waste was still not high.
This source researched and compared the E-waste between Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Similar policies of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) can be found in Asian countries such as, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. They are the leading countries for the change. In South Korea, since 1992, they started with Law for Promotion of Resources Saving and Re-utilization (LRSR). Due to the insufficient landfill and rapid increase of the waste, South Korea promoted recycling aiming to conserve resources and preserve the environment.
More electronic waste is being generated as households consume more electronic devices such as, home appliances while technology advances. The recycling process helps South Korea to achieve environmental sustainability.
From 2003, manufacturers are mandatory to take responsibility on recycling their end-of-life (EOL) goods which is called as extended producer responsibility (EPR). They will be needed to be environmentally friendly, and collect the disposed EOL goods. In 2003, Korea initiated laws making it mandatory for the manufacturers of consumer electronics to take responsibility of recycling their EOL goods. The manufacturers pay fine when they cannot fulfill their recycling quotas.
This resource includes information about the resource circulation law in South Korea reduces the waste in all activities with promoting recycling activities. It contains: Circulation resource recognition, Resource circulation performance management, Cycle availability evaluation and Waste disposal fee.
Chung, S. W. & Murakami-Suzuki, R. (2008). A comparative study of e-waste recycling systems in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan from the EPR perspective: Implications for Developing Counties. Retrieved March 25 from:
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0450/d8b3f2048688d6763019844c163b9daf0025.pdf
Ju, M. & Bae, S. J. & Kim, J. Y. & Lee, D. H. (2016). Solid recovery rate of food waste recycling in South Korea. Retrieved March 25 from:
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10163-015-0464-x.pdf
Kim, J. & Hwang, Y. & Park, K. (2009). An assessment of the recycling potential of materials based on environmental and economic factors; case study in South Korea. Retrieved March 25 from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652609001097
Kim, H. & Yang, J. & Lee, K. D. (2009). Vehicle routing in reverse logistics for recycling end-of-life consumer electronic goods in South Korea. Retrieved March 25 from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361920909000327
Lee, D. H. & Behera, S. K. & Kim, J. W. & Park, H. S. (2009). Methane production potential of leachate generated from Korean food waste recycling facilities: A lab-scale study. Retrieved March 25 from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X08002420
LAMKpub. (2018). An insight on Circular economy in South Korea. Retrieved March 27 from:
https://www.lamkpub.fi/2018/11/30/an-insight-on-circular-economy-in-south-korea/
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