Current topics of interest: España,sustainable development, education reform, to read:
Current topics of interest: España,sustainable development, education reform, to read:
links 8[1]
sports and leisure, education, jobs and lifestyle,crime and corruption
“New seismic gap hypothesis: Five years later” deals primarily with the testing of this ‘new seismic gap’ hypothesis as specified by Nishenko and Sykes [1993], which itself was constructed from the framework of the old seismic gap hypothesis proposed in the late 1970s by Blank Richardson. The old hypothesis was subject to intensive research which “found that the old seismic gap hypothesis did not successfully forecast most large earthquakes in the ensuing decade” (Kagan and Jackson, 3944). Studies also revealed that not only did “the zones identified as more dangerous…[have] no more large earthquakes than the zones deemed less dangerous,” but, “the number of earthquakes which occurred at the predicted sites was in many cases still too small to reach statistically significant conclusions” (Kagan and Jackson, 3944). Compared to the old seismic gap model, Nishenko’s more recent forecast is more quantitative and specific”, according to Kagan and Jackson.
Petroleum in Nigeria- broad overview, Shell, Ogoniland, Saro-Wiwa, include statement about effects on economic and subsequently politics, environment, and society.
*Quanitity of reserves *Only 3-4 refinieries in Nigeria *Natural gas *Formation *Locations with map
*OPEC
Joint Venture
*Shell/Chevron *Elf (Total) *AGIP *Exxon Mobil *Map with holdings
1970s 1980s 1990s *Ogoniland, Niger Delta, Shell *Saro-Wiwa *International Response *Attempts at reform?
*Effects *Outlawing
*On-shore *Causes *Extent *Off-shore *Causes *Extent
*Dependence, no farming *Increase in poverty *No clean water, cant grow crops, fish *Oil jacking by Africans *Sabotage *‘AIDs’ boom?
The oil boom of the 1970s led Nigeria to neglect its strong agricultural and light manufacturing bases in favor of an unhealthy dependence on crude oil. As of 2000 oil and gas exports accounted for more than 98% of export earnings and about 83% of federal government revenue, as well as generating 40% of its GDP.
Nigeria's proven oil reserves are estimated to be 35 billion barrels; natural gas reserves are well over 100 trillion ft³ (2,800 km³). Most of the country's primary reserves are heavily concentrated in the Niger Delta region. Off-shore rigs are also prominent in the well-endowed coastal region.
Nigeria is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and in mid-2001 its crude oil production was averaging around 2.2 million barrels (350,000 m³) per day.
The U.S. remains Nigeria's largest customer for crude oil, accounting for 40% of the country's total oil exports; Nigeria provides about 10% of overall U.S. oil imports and ranks as the fifth-largest source for U.S. imported oil.
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