User:EllaReed25

New England Wind is a proposed offshore wind energy project developed by Avangrid. It is located approximately 20 nautical miles (37 km) south of Martha’s Vin

User:EllaReed25
New England Wind 1 & 2
Leasing areas for offhore project, New England Wind 1 and 2
Map
CountryUnited States
LocationOCS-A 0534
Coordinates40°51′40″N 70°42′40″W / 40.86111°N 70.71111°W / 40.86111; -70.71111
StatusApproved for construction
OwnerAvangrid, Inc.
Wind farm
TypeOffshore
Distance from shore20 nmi (37 km) from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
24 nmi (44 km) from Nantucket, Massachusetts
Rotor diameter285 m
935 ft
Power generation
Nameplate capacity791 MW (New England Wind 1)
1,080 MW (New England Wind 2)
External links
WebsiteNew England Wind 1 New England Wind 2
[edit on Wikidata]

New England Wind is a proposed offshore wind energy project developed by Avangrid. It is located approximately 20 nautical miles (37 km) south of Martha’s Vineyard and 24 nautical miles (44 km) southwest of Nantucket, Massachusetts.[1] New England Wind’s lease areas are situated on the Outer Continental Shelf, in federally leased areas managed by the Bureau of Energy Management (BOEM). Originally titled Vineyard Wind South, the project has been divided into two lease areas. New England Wind 1, formerly known as Park City Wind, will be constructed in the northern lease area OCS-A 0534. New England Wind 2, formerly known as Commonwealth Wind, will be located in the southern lease area OCS-A 0561.[2] The project will be connected to the onshore grid via cables from the wind farm to a substation at Craigville Beach in Barnstable, Massachusetts.[3][4]

The project's development process spans approximately nine years, beginning with the lease acquisition in 2015 and culminating in key approvals in 2024. During this period, the project encountered several challenges, including financial constraints, geotechnical issues related to glauconitic soils, and regulatory complexities. Despite these obstacles, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) approved the project's Construction and Operations Plan (COP) in July 2024, permitting the installation of up to 129 turbines and multiple export cables to connect to onshore infrastructure in Massachusetts.[5][6] Upon completion, the project is expected to have a generation capacity of up to 2,600 megawatts (MW), which BOEM estimates could supply electricity to approximately 900,000 homes annually.[7][8]

New England Wind 1 was awarded a contract by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to develop 791 MW of capacity as part of the first multi-state offshore wind procurement under the “Power Up New England” plan, which aims to enhance clean energy development across the region.[9] The Commonwealth’s Clean Energy and Climate Plan outlines the actions Massachusetts must undertake to meet its climate goals.[10] New England 1 is one of several offshore wind energy sources Massachusetts intends to utilize to meet its target of procuring 5,600 MW of offshore wind by 2027.[11] Construction for New England Wind 1, is expected to begin in 2025 and become operational by 2029.[12] [13]The second phase, New England Wind 2, is projected to deliver 1,080 MW of power and is currently undergoing state and regional permitting reviews in Massachusetts.[11]

Development Timeline

The New England Wind project progressed through four major phases: Early Development and Planning, Environmental Review and Permitting, Record of Decision and Approvals, and Construction. BOEM began the leasing process in 2012 by designating a Wind Energy Area off the coast of Massachusetts and auctioning the lease areas within it in 2015.[14][15] The Lease Area OCS-A 0501 was awarded to Vineyard Wind LLC and later transferred to Park City Wind LLC before being subdivided in 2024 into Lease Area OCS-A 0534 for New England Wind 1, and Lease Area OCS-A 0561 for New England Wind 2.[16] Following environmental reviews and public consultations, federal agencies issued a Record of Decision (ROD) in April 2024, approving the project. BOEM finalized the Construction and Operations Plan (COP) in July 2024, with construction on New England Wind 1 expected to begin in late 2025, while New England Wind 2 remains in the planning phases.[17]

Early Development & Planning
  • February 2012: BOEM releases a Call for Information and Nominations to assess commercial interest and identify potential wind energy development areas offshore Massachusetts.[14]
  • May 2012: BOEM designates a 742,974-acre (1,160-square-mile) Wind Energy Area (WEA) south of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket to facilitate offshore wind leasing.
    • The WEA is divided into four separate leases: OCS-A 0500, OCS-A 0501, OCS-A 0502, and OCS-A 0503.[15]
  • June 2014: BOEM completes an Environmental Assessment (EA) for Lease Area OCS-A 0501, issuing a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI).[14]
  • January 2015: BOEM holds a lease auction for Lease Area OCS-A 0501.[15]
  • April 2015: BOEM grants Lease Area OCS-A 0501 to Vineyard Wind LLC, a joint venture of Avangrid Renewables and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners.[18]
  • May 2018: BOEM approves the Site Assessment Plan (SAP) for Lease Area OCS-A 0501.[2]
Environmental Review & Permitting
  • July 2020: Avangrid Renewables LLC submits the initial Construction and Operations Plan (COP) to BOEM.[6]
  • June 2021: BOEM approves the partial assignment of Lease Area OCS-A 0501, transferring 101,590 acres (159 square-miles) to Vineyard Wind LLC, re-designating it as Lease Area OCS-A 0534.[16]
  • June 2021: BOEM publishes a Notice of Intent (NOI) to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).[18]
  • December 2021: BOEM approves the assignment of Lease Area OCS-A 0534 from Vineyard Wind LLC to Park City Wind LLC, a subsidiary of Avangrid Renewables.[16]
  • December 2022: BOEM releases the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, opening a public comment period.[19]
  • February 2023: The public comment period for the Draft EIS closes.[20]
  • September 2023: The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) issues a letter of concurrence and Biological Opinion (BiOp), asessing the project's potential impacts on protected species and habitats.[21]
  • February 2024: BOEM completes the environmental review process.[19]
  • March 2024: BOEM publishes the Final EIS in the Federal Register.[19]
  • March 2024: Park City Wind LLC submits an application to BOEM requesting the partial reassignment of Lease Area OCS-A 0534 to Commonwealth Wind LLC.[2]
Record of Decision & Approvals
  • April 2024: Department of the Interior (DOI), BOEM, Department of the Army, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issues a joint Record of Decision (ROD), approving the project's continuation.[16]
  • May 2024: Project is divided into two leases: New England Wind 1 and 2.
    • New England Wind 1 (OCS-A 0534): The northern portion of the original lease is retained by Park City Wind LLC.
    • New England Wind 2 (OCS-A 0561): The southern portion is retained by Commonwealth Wind LLC, a subsidiary of Avangrid Renewables.[16]
  • July 2024: BOEM approves the final COP and easements are granted.[17]
Construction & Installation
  • 2025: Construction activities for New England Wind 1 are anticipated to begin in late 2025, following the completion of pre-construction preparations.[22]

Lease Area

Location

Map of lease area from BOEM Record of Decision

The proposed New England Wind project is planned for a location off the coast of Massachusetts, approximately 20 nautical miles (37 kilometers) south of Martha’s Vineyard and 24 nautical miles (44 kilometers) southwest of Nantucket.[1] New England Wind 1 is planned for the northern portion of Lease Area OCS-A 0534, with construction expected to begin in late 2025. New England Wind 2, which remains in the early planning stages, is designated for Lease Area OCS-A 0561. Lease Area OCS-A 0561 was created on May 15, 2024 from the southern portion of the original OCS-A 0534 lease, which initially encompassed approximately 101,590 acres (159 square-miles). The subdivision was part of a regulatory process by BOEM to facilitate a phased approach to the project's development. Within the original lease area, New England Wind 1 occupies the northern section, while New England Wind 2 occupies the southern section.[17]

History of Lease Area

On February 6, 2012, BOEM issued a Call for Information and Nominations (CIN) seeking input from stakeholders and assessing commercial interest in offshore wind development in federal waters off the coast of Massachusetts.[14] Following environmental assessments and stakeholder consultations, BOEM designated a 742,974-acre (1,160-square-mile) Wind Energy Area (WEA) south of Martha’s Vineyard and southwest of Nantucket for offshore wind leasing on May 30, 2012. The WEA was divided into four separate leases: OCS-A 0500, OCS-A 0501, OCS-A 0502, and OCS-A 0503.[15] On June 3, 2014, BOEM completed an Environmental Assessment (EA) for Lease Area OCS-A 0501 and issued a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), determining that the lease activities would not have significant environmental effects.[14] Following a competitive lease auction on January 29, 2015, BOEM granted Lease Area OCS-A 0501 to Vineyard Wind LLC, a joint venture between Avangrid Renewables and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners, on April 1, 2015.[18] On May 10, 2018, BOEM approved the Site Assessment Plan (SAP) for Lease Area OCS-A 0501, allowing for the installation of equipment to assess wind resources, ocean conditions, and site feasibility.[2]

To facilitate the development of multiple offshore wind projects, Vineyard Wind LLC transferred a portion of its lease holdings, leading to the partial assignment of Lease Area OCS-A 0501. On June 28, 2021, BOEM approved this division, creating Lease Area OCS-A 0534.[16] On December 14, 2021, as part of the restructuring, BOEM approved the reassignment of Lease Area OCS-A 0534 from Vineyard Wind LLC, to Park City Wind LLC, a subsidiary of Avangrid Renewables. As a result, Avangrid gained full ownership of the lease.[18]

While the New England Wind project was planned as two phases, both were initially contained within a single lease, OCS-A 0534. On March 19, 2024, Park City Wind LLC submitted a request to BOEM for the partial reassignment of the lease to Commonwealth Wind LLC, which is also a subsidiary of Avangrid Renewables. This request initiated the subdivision of the lease, allowing each phase to advance through permitting and construction independently, with the goal of expediting overall project development.[16] BOEM formally approved the reassignment on May 15, 2024, creating Lease Area OCS-A 0561 for New England Wind 2, which was allocated to Commonwealth Wind LLC, while New England Wind 1 remained under OCS-A 0534, held by Park City Wind LLC.[17]

Regulatory & Permitting Processes

There are three critical parts of the regulatory and permitting process, the Construction and Operations Plan (COP), the Site Assessment Plan (SAP), and the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The SAP was approved by BOEM in May 2018. This approval allowed for the installation of equipment to assess proponents of the site such as wind resources, ocean conditions, and overall site feasibility. A Notice of Intent (NOI) to prepare a draft EIS was published in June 2021 followed by a public comment period. In December 2022, BOEM releases the draft EIS opening another public comment period. In March, 2024 the final EIS was published in the Federal Register.

Environmental Impact Statement

The Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was published in the Federal Register in March 2024.[19]The document contains evaluations of the potential environmental, social, and economic effects of constructing, operating, and decommissioning an offshore wind energy facility. BOEM prepares an EIS for every offshore wind farm in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act. It is a lengthy process which involves a public scoping period to gather information on resources, impact-producing factors, alternatives, and potential strategies for impact mitigation. Due to the length of the EIS as well as the depth of information it must contain, the creation of the EIS is often very costly. The estimated cost associated with the construction of the Final EIS for New England Wind 1 and 2 is $2,444,536. [19] Though BOEM oversees the process, the developer (Avangrid, LLC) is responsible for covering the whole cost of the environmental review process. BOEM uses the final EIS to inform their decision on whether to approve, approve with modifications, or disapprove the projects COP. Other agencies such as the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) may also use this information to inform their decision making. The Final EIS was approved in March 2024 detailing three primary alternatives[19]:

  • Alternative A (No Action): This alternative would leave existing conditions unchanged, not advancing offshore wind development. In this case BOEM would no approve the COP and therefore, construction, operations, maintenance, and decommission would not take place. [20]
  • Alternative B (Proposed Action): This alternative encompasses the full scope of the project, including construction, operation, and decommissioning, while allowing for flexibility through the South Coast Variant if necessary. In this case BOEM approved the COP and the project proceeds. [20]
  • Alternative C (Habitat Impact Minimization Alternative): This alternative incorporates sub-options designed to reduce ecological disturbances along specific routes. In this case BOEM approves the COP but mitigation measures would be implemented to reduce impacts on habitats. [20]
  • Preferred Alternative: BOEM identified a combination of Alternative B and Alternative C as the preferred alternative with the intent to limit the installation of export cables to the Eastern Muskeget route. This would reduce the total amount of impacts on complex benthic habitats as well as minimize potential crossing with other projects export cable routes. [20]

Each of these alternatives were all evaluated for their implications on environmental resources, stakeholder interests, and regional development.[19] Impacts on marine mammals, commercial fisheries, cultural resources and sites, navigational and vessel traffic, and scenic and visual resources were evaluated. Each of these factors were evaluated by looking at potential accidents and incidents such as vessel strikes with marine mammals, accidental releases, land disturbance, lighting, noise, port utilization, and presence of structures. The Final EIS uses a four-level classification scheme considering context, intensity, directionality,and duration of effects, in order to characterize the potential adverse or beneficial impacts of the alternatives as either negligible, minor, moderate, or major. [19]

Record of Decision and Approvals

In April 2024, a joint Record of Decision (ROD) by BOEM, The Department of the Interior (DOI) Department of the Army, Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) was issued, approving the project's continuation. [16] In the document, BOEM outlines its decision to approve the project’s COP. It also includes the NMFS’ Letter of Authorization (LOA) which permits incidental disturbances to marine mammals under the Marine Mammal Protection Act [16], USACE granted permits under section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act (RHA) and section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) to ensure compliance with federal environmental law. These permits are all required for construction on the project to begin. The ROD follows the requirements of NEPA and includes various mitigation measures to minimize adverse environmental impacts associated with the New England Wind 1 and 2 projects. Avangrid Renewables, LLC, also initiated various mandatory regulatory reviews and consultations , ensuring adherence to environmental and historic preservation standards. BOEM announced the final approval of the COP with the “Preferred Alternative” listed in the Final EIS in July 2024.

Project Finance

Offtake Agreement

The full versions of the offtake agreements, offshore renewable energy certificates, and power purchase agreements for the New England Wind project are not publicly accessible.

Cost and Financing Structure

Avangrid Renewables, LLC, a subsidiary of Avangrid, Inc., is the bidding entity for the development of the New England Wind project, as detailed in Avangrid’s March 2024 RFP response prepared for Massachusetts utilities and energy regulators.[22] The company plans to finance both phases of the project through a combination of equity investment and third-party financing, contingent on securing long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs). PPAs provide revenue certainty by guaranteeing committed buyers for the energy and renewable energy certificates (RECs) generated by the projects.[23] This approach aligns with Avangrid’s previous financing strategies for large-scale renewable energy projects, including Vineyard Wind 1, the first commercial scale offshore wind farm in the US to achieve financial close.[24]

New England Wind relies on securing PPAs through Massachusetts' state-led Request for Proposal (RFP) process, in which the state solicits bids from developers and selects projects for utility contracts.[22] These agreements are a critical component of the project's financing strategy. In 2020, Avangrid secured 20-year power purchase agreements (PPAs) with Electric Distribution Companies in Massachusetts and Connecticut for the Park City Wind and Commonwealth Wind projects, which were later rebranded as New England Wind 1 and New England Wind 2. One of these agreements, with Connecticut utilities including United Illuminating, was set at a fixed electricity price of $79.83/MWh.[25] However, rising costs due to inflation, supply chain disruptions, and geopolitical instability rendered the projects financially unviable under the original terms. In 2023, Avangrid terminated the agreements, paying $48 million for Commonwealth Wind and $16 million for Park City Wind as part of a negotiated settlement. [26] The projects were subsequently re-bid under their new names, New England 1 and New England 2. As part of this process, Avangrid revised its capital expenditure estimates and adjusted its supply chain strategy to improve project feasibility and cost efficiency.[27] In March 2024, the company submitted a bid proposal for both project phases as part of a regional offshore wind solicitation seeking to secure a new PPA. The proposal is pending approval.[22] The outcome of these solicitations will determine the project's ability to move forward with financing and construction.[22] If awarded a PPA, the company plans to begin construction in late 2025, with the majority of investment occurring between 2027 and 2029, and full commercial operation expected in 2029.[28]

Timeline of New England Wind PPA Developments[22]
Year Date Key Development
2020 May 18 Vineyard Wind LLC signed 20-year PPAs with Connecticut EDCs (Eversource & United Illuminating).
Aug 19 The Connecticut Public Utilities Regulatory Authority (PURA) approved the PPAs.
2022 May 25 Massachusetts Electric Distribution Companies (EDCs) submitted Commonwealth Wind PPAs to the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities (DPU) for approval.  
Oct 20 Commonwealth Wind informed the DPU that economic conditions made the project financially unviable and sought renegotiation.  
Dec 16 Commonwealth Wind filed a motion to dismiss PPA proceedings.  
Dec 30 The DPU denied the motion and approved the PPAs.
2023 Jul 13 Avangrid and Massachusetts EDCs terminated the Commonwealth Wind PPAs, with Avangrid forfeiting $48 million.
Aug 23 The DPU approved the termination agreements.  
Oct 02 The termination of Commonwealth Wind took effect, and Avangrid, in agreement with Connecticut EDCs, ended the Park City Wind PPAs, paying $16 million.
Oct 13 The Connecticut PURA approved the Park City Wind termination.

In December 2024, Avangrid became a privately held company following Iberdrola’s acquisition of the remaining 18.4% of Avangrid shares that it did not already own.[29] As a wholly owned subsidiary of Iberdrola, its financing strategy for projects such as New England Wind 1 and 2 will be aligned with Iberdrola’s broader investment priorities in the renewable energy sector, potentially influencing how funding is allocated to these initiatives going forward.[22]

Other project financing details were initially included in Avangrid's March 2024 RFP response to its recipients. However, these details were later redacted and are no longer accessible as public information.[22]

Infrastructure Development

New England Wind is being developed in two phases, with New England Wind 1 having secured necessary approvals to begin construction, while New England Wind 2 remains in the planning stage. Construction of New England Wind 1 is planned to commence in late 2025, starting with the installation of onshore interconnection cables.[30] The construction sequence will begin with onshore facilities, followed by the installation of offshore export cables, wind turbine generators (WTGs), and offshore substations (OSSs).[17] Although New England Wind 2 has received federal approval, its construction timeline depends on the completion of remaining permitting processes and the finalization of necessary contracts. ​As a result, New England Wind 1 is expected to be constructed first, with New England Wind 2 proceeding once all required approvals and agreements are secured.[31]

Offshore Wind Farm

Example of what an Offshore Wind Monopile looks like

New England 1 is planned to have a total generating capacity of up to 804 MW and will include between 41 and 62 Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs), 2 Electrical Service Platforms (ESPs), and a maximum of 2 offshore export cables. New England 2, which is the larger portion of the project, is anticipated to deliver at least 1,232 MW of power with up to 88 WTGs and 3 ESPs with a maximum of 3 offshore export cables.[12] In total, the proposed project encompasses the installation of up to 129 WTGs, up to 132 foundations and between 1 and 5 ESPs. While specific details on the turbine make and model are not currently available, according to the ROD, the rotor diameter is expected to be 285m, and the height of the turbines will be 935 ft.[16]The foundations will support the turbines themselves while the electrical platforms will facilitate electricity transmission to shore. The project also calls for burying offshore export cables on the seafloor in both the Outer Continental Shelf and within Massachusetts state waters.[12]

Grid Interconnection

Point of Interconnection (POI)

The project is planned to transmit power onshore through new substations in Massachusetts. It will primarily interconnect with the ISO-New England grid at the West Barnstable 345 kV switching station in Barnstable County. New England Wind 1 will include a 6.7-acre onshore substation at Shootflying Hill Road, equipped with two 220–275 kV / 345 kV step-up transformers.[17] New England Wind 2 plans to construct a separate substation at the Clay Hill site, with an alternative location at Old Falmouth Road, both of which would also connect to West Barnstable. The project design includes a contingency for a potential second point of interconnection in the South Coast of Massachusetts. However, this route would be utilized only if unforeseen issues impede full project interconnection via the Cape Cod route.[17] Potential factors include landfall obstacles on Cape Cod, such as technical difficulties identified during detailed engineering assessments that make bringing cables ashore at the planned Barnstable beach sites unfeasible due to unsuitable seabed conditions or space constraints. Onshore routing issues could also necessitate an alternative approach if underground cable installation along designated roadways and utility rights-of-way to the West Barnstable substation proves impractical due to unforeseen obstructions or permitting challenges.[17] Additionally, grid capacity or reliability concerns may prompt the use of an alternative interconnection point if limitations beyond the developer’s control emerge at the West Barnstable substation, such as constraints imposed by ISO-NE or delays in necessary grid upgrades.[17] Despite these contingencies, the West Barnstable 345 kV substation remains the primary planned interconnection site for New England Wind’s full capacity. [22]

Onshore Facilities

The construction plan for New England Wind 1 proposes installing two export cables within the Eastern Offshore Export Cable Corridor (OECC) in the Muskeget Channel, located between Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket.[32] The COP for New England Wind 2 outlines three additional cables within the same corridor, though final configurations remain under review.[2] The primary landing sites for both phases are planned in Barnstable County, with a potential alternative site in Bristol County. Onshore infrastructure is expected to include electrical cables and up to three new or upgraded substations to facilitate grid interconnection.[17]

Offshore Facilities

The New England Wind project is planned to utilize high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) subsea export cables to transmit electricity from the offshore wind farm to the onshore grid. A total of five export cables are planned, with two serving New England Wind 1 and up to three allocated for New England Wind 2.[17] The New England Wind 1 cables are designed for 220–275 kV AC operation, consistent with other offshore wind projects in Massachusetts. These cables will connect to onshore substation transformers, where the voltage will be increased to 345 kV for integration into the regional grid.[30]

New England Wind 2 may use cables with similar or higher voltage ratings, potentially reaching 345 kV HVAC, to support its larger capacity. Within the wind farm, internal array cables linking turbines to offshore substations will operate at medium-voltage AC, typically ranging from 66 kV to 132 kV.[17] The project has opted for HVAC transmission rather than high-voltage direct current (HVDC) to align with the existing 345 kV onshore network and eliminate the need for offshore converter stations.[22]

Benefits and Concerns

Socio-Economic

Jobs and Revenue

Economic claims regarding the New England Wind project anticipated both benefits and potential drawbacks. Proponents, including government officials, and industry analysts, have emphasized the anticipated economic gains. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has projected that Phase 1 of the project will generate over 1,000 full-time equivalent job-years in Connecticut, primarily concentrated in Bridgeport. The agency also anticipates job creation and infrastructure investment in Massachusetts, particularly in Barnstable, where transmission facilities, substations, and offshore wind cable landfall sites will support regional energy integration.[17] According to Avangrid, the developer, New England Wind Phase 1 is estimated to generate enough electricity to power approximately 400,000 homes. The project is also projected to create over 4,400 full-time equivalent jobs and generate $3 billion in local investment. This investment includes a new marshalling port in Salem, Massachusetts, and a new offshore wind manufacturing facility in New Bedford, Massachusetts.[33] Moreover, a report by Synapse Energy Economics, commissioned by the Sierra Club, estimates that the deploying 9 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind in New England by 2030 could save ratepayers an average of $630 million annually, with potential savings reaching $1.7 billion in some scenarios.[34] New England Wind is projected to contribute significantly to the offshore wind expansion considered in the analysis, providing up to 2.6 GW out of the 9 GW total, though the study does not isolate cost savings attributable solely to New England Wind.

Critics and analysts have raised concerns regarding policy uncertainty that may affect the project’s financial viability. In January 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive memorandum halting new offshore wind leasing and ordered federal agencies to pause the issuance of new or renewed approvals, rights-of-way permits, leases, or loans for both onshore and offshore wind projects. Additionally, the memorandum mandated a review of existing wind energy leases to assess potential termination or amendment.[35] Such disruptions may contribute to increased project costs and financial uncertainty.

.......Were there concerns/ from the fishing industry? How about tourism?.......

Community Agreements

In a press release dated July, 2024, Avangrid announced that New England Wind 1 established a Host Community Agreement with the Town of Barnstable regarding the cable landings in Craigville Beach.[36] This agreement aims to ensure that the Town of Barnstable receives economic protection and benefits resulting from the construction of New England Wind 1. As part of a Massachusetts-Rhode Island-Connecticut Multi-State Procurement for Offshore Wind, New England Wind 1 has contributed to several side agreements intended to provide direct benefits to Barnstable including community mitigation efforts, health and safety measures, and reimbursements during construction and operation of the wind farm.[36] These major agreements are as follows:

  • Host Community Agreement with the Town of Barnstable
  • Large Generator Interconnection Agreement
  • Transmission Support Agreement
  • Project Labor Agreement (PLA)[37]

Avangrid signed a Transmission Support Agreement (TSA) with Eversource for New England Wind 1, which received Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approval. They also signed a Large Generator Interconnection Agreement (LGIA) with Eversource and ISO-NE, outlining the necessary grid upgrades and funding necessary to pursue the project while establishing relevant terms and conditions.[38] Through this agreement, Avangrid has committed to providing more than $13.7 million for grid upgrades, which involve converting transmission lines from 115kV to 345kV. Additionally, GIS substations located in Bourne and West Barnstable will be constructed as part of New England Wind Phase I[36]I.[38]

The Transmission Support Agreement (TSA) provides the Independent Systems Operator of New England (ISO-NE) with the primary operating authority over commercial transmission facilities while detailing other rights and responsibilities.[39] Avangrid indicated its support for Phase 1 of the grid updates, including construction and energization through the Transmission Support Agreement.[36]

In July 2021, Vineyard wind reportedly signed the first Project Labor Agreement (PLA) for an offshore wind project in the US. This agreement aimed to create 500 union jobs. This PLA was signed between the Southeastern Massachusetts Building Trades Unions and Vineyard Wind, intends on providing training and support for trade workers involved with the project.[40] As of December 14, 2024, through two years of construction, Vineyard Wind 1 produced 937 union jobs which is nearly double the committed number of union jobs outlined in the PLA. (First Avangrid link in paragraph) Additionally, the New England Wind 1 project is estimated to create 3,600 Full Time Equivalent (FTE) job years.[40]

New England Wind 1 has further agreements aiding in facilitating its construction and operation phases. The company signed a lease agreement with Crowley to advancement of the Salem marshaling port through new construction plans and utilization methods.[36] Operations and Management (O&M) facilities will be located in New Bedford and Bridgeport to improve port infrastructure and supply chain efficiency.[36] New England Wind has also executed a partnership agreement with Liftra for a crane manufacturing facility to be built in New Bedford.[36] Furthermore, an agreement with the City of Boston will provide 15 MW of offshore wind energy, which Avangrid noted to be a “first-of-its-kind agreement.” Finally, the project will supply 20 municipal electric companies in Massachusetts with offshore wind energy which can be distributed statewide.[36]

Climate and Environment

[write this section --- use the information below to make a cohesive paragraph + any more you think is important - maybe look at marcela's page for inspo]

The project’s approvals and permits include extensive environmental mitigation strategies to minimize impacts on marine life and coastal ecosystems during construction and operation. To protect marine mammals – especially endangered North Atlantic right whales that frequent New England waters – offshore pile driving will employ noise mitigation measures such as double bubble curtains (rings of bubbles that dampen underwater sound)

. This technology creates an air barrier around the pile being driven, significantly reducing the noise that travels through water and thereby lessening disturbance or injury to whales and other marine animals

GPO.GOV

CTPOST.COM

. Additionally, the construction schedule will incorporate seasonal restrictions (for example, avoiding or limiting pile driving during times of high whale presence or fish spawning) as required by regulators. All project vessels must adhere to speed limits and carry automatic identification systems to prevent ship collisions with marine fauna

GPO.GOV

.To address potential impacts on fisheries and seabed habitats, the wind farm layout and cable routes were planned with stakeholder input. Turbine spacing in a grid pattern is intended to maintain some navigational corridors for fishing vessels. The developers have also committed to fisheries communication protocols and compensation funds similar to those established by earlier projects (e.g. gear loss compensation and support for fisheries research), to mitigate economic impacts on commercial fishing communities

OFFSHOREWIND.BIZ

. During cable installation, the use of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) at landfall will avoid disturbing sensitive nearshore environments. The export cables are set to come ashore at Craigville Beach (Barnstable, MA) via HDD, emerging underneath an existing parking lot, which means no open trenches on the beach or in adjacent salt marshes

D23H0VHSM26O6D.CLOUDFRONT.NET

. This trenchless method protects coastal wetlands and beach ecology, and the onshore cables will then be buried along roadways to reach the grid interconnection point, minimizing surface disruption

D23H0VHSM26O6D.CLOUDFRONT.NET

. The onshore grid upgrades (including a new substation or expansion of an existing one) will be designed with stormwater management and landscaping to reduce ecological and visual impacts. Finally, the project’s federal Final Environmental Impact Statement includes habitat protection measures such as monitoring of seabed recovery, restrictions on vessel anchoring in eelgrass beds, and commitments to use lower-impact installation techniques wherever feasible

D23H0VHSM26O6D.CLOUDFRONT.NET

D23H0VHSM26O6D.CLOUDFRONT.NET

. Through these combined mitigation efforts – from marine fauna protections to careful cable landfall engineering – New England Wind aims to comply with environmental regulations and reduce its footprint while constructing the offshore infrastructure.

The environmental impact assessment identified possible environmental impacts that varied across multiple categories. Air quality impacts are anticipated to be minor during construction but will improve overall due to reduced reliance on fossil fuels. Water quality effects are also deemed minor, with negligible changes expected during operations. Benthic resources may experience temporary or permanent disruptions from seabed disturbances due to turbine foundations and cable installations, though some long-term benefits could emerge as marine habitats adapt. Noise from construction activities poses a risk to marine mammals, potentially affecting their behavior and health; However, long-term consequences are expected to be minimal with the implementation of mitigation measures. Birds and bats could experience moderate effects from turbine collisions, though these are partially offset by the broader environmental benefits of reduced carbon emissions. The EIS also contains a brief section explaining that climate change could also have a significant impact on benthic ecosystems. In addition, the document notes potential impacts on historic properties and viewsheds, the local commercial fishing industry, and local tourism and recreation sectors. Nevertheless, the assessment concludes that these impacts can be mitigated through effective management strategies.[19]

Scenic and Visual Resources

Historic Sites

The New England Wind Project encompasses several historic and cultural sites that may be impacted by its construction, including the Gray Head Lighthouse, which is significant for its maritime history and unobstructed ocean views integral to its setting.[41] The Aquinnah Cultural Center and the Aquinnah Shops Area are both related to the historical significance of the Wampanoag Tribe and local commerce, with their ocean views contributing to their cultural identity.[41] The Chappaquiddick Island Traditional Cultural Property (TCP) and the Nantucket Historic District, recognized as a National Historic Landmark (NHL), also have historical importance, with views of the ocean being virtual to their context.[41] Additionally, the Vineyard Sound and Moshup’s Bridge TCPs hold significant cultural relevance to local indigenous communities, while the Nantucket Sound TCP similarly possesses historical significance.[41] The cumulative visual effects of the wind project could alter the views and settings of these historical properties, potentially leading to adverse effects on their integrity and significance. Efforts during the planning phase have focused on minimizing disturbances to these important cultural sites.

Tribal Engagement

While the lease area for New England Wind 1 and 2 is not located within the lands of a tribal nation, BOEM consults with local tribes around New England on several projects in the planning and development phase off the coast of New England to ensure proper tribal consultation and protection of any sacred or historical sites that may be affected by the construction of the New England WInd 1 and 2 projects.[42] BOEM conducts these consultations in accordance with the DOI and BOEM’s policies and procedures for consultation. [42]

Stakeholder Perspectives and Engagement

The New England Wind project engaged with a range of stakeholders, including government agencies, local communities, Indigenous groups, environmental organizations, and industry representatives. BOEM led an extensive public consultation process, hosting meetings and reviewing over 750 public comments before issuing a favorable ROD in April 2024.[43] During the environmental review process under the National Environmental Policy Act, BOEM held three virtual public meetings, allowing public inquiries and comments regarding the proposed wind farm.[44] BOEM also accepted comments online. In the open comment period, BOEM received 96 public submissions expressing various concerns and feedback.[45] Numerous comments reflected both support and opposition to the proposed New England Wind project. These comments were reviewed by BOEM to inform future decisions regarding the project.[46]

Some comments expressed concerns about the project:[45]

  • Some residents opposed cable landings at Dowses or Craigville Beach, citing potential harm to the ecosystem and concerns about electromagnetic fields affecting marine life and human health. Alternative sites like Hyannis or Woods Hole were suggested.
  • Concerns were raised that substations and electric currents could threaten Barnstable's aquifer and water supply.
  • Some criticized the slow approval process, arguing that technological advancements might render the turbines outdated by the time they are installed.
  • Financial concerns were raised regarding the project’s viability, citing PPAs negotiated with Connecticut (Park City Wind) and Massachusetts (Commonwealth Wind).

In contrast, other commenters expressed their support:[45]

  • Many Cape Cod residents supported offshore wind development, citing its potential to reduce fossil fuel reliance and mitigate climate change, which they viewed as a greater environmental threat than the project’s impacts.
  • Job creation was highlighted as a key benefit, with optimism that the project would provide stable employment, helping locals remain in the region.
  • Some expressed hope that Avangrid Renewables would invest in the local community and support regional initiatives.


At the state level, Avangrid worked with regulators in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, participating in permitting reviews and negotiating PPA terms for the New England Wind project. On May 19, 2022, Avangrid entered into a Host Community Agreement (HCA) with the Town of Barnstable, Massachusetts, to facilitate the transmission cable landing for the project. The agreement included provisions to address local concerns related to beach access and environmental impacts while securing municipal support for the development.[47]

The project also established a fisheries engagement program, which includes the employment of liaisons and the implementation of a Gear Loss/Time Loss Compensation program to mitigate disruptions for commercial fishers.[48] As part of the federal review process, Tribal Nations, including the Mashpee Wampanoag, were consulted, resulting in benefit agreements that provided funding and training to support Indigenous participation in the offshore wind industry.[49] Environmental organizations contributed to project design by providing feedback on marine life protections, leading Avangrid to adopt mitigation measures and join the Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative for Offshore Wind (RWSC) to support research on offshore wind's ecological impacts.[50]

In 2023, Avangrid signed a Project Labor Agreement (PLA) with the Massachusetts Building Trades, ensuring the use of union labor for construction.[11] The agreement secured commitments for prevailing wages, workforce training, and local hiring for skilled trade workers. The PLA was highlighted as a key factor in New England Wind 1’s “shovel-ready” status, reinforcing the project’s ability to meet labor and permitting requirements ahead of construction.[51] Avangrid also collaborated with industry groups, including the Northeast Clean Energy Council (NECEC), to align the project with regional economic and clean energy goals.[52]

Current Status & Future Outlook

Irish Wind Farm

As of March 2025, construction of New England Wind 1 is anticipated to begin by the end of the year, while New England Wind 2 remains in the planning phase.[22] However, federal policy changes have introduced potential regulatory uncertainty for the project.

On January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump issued an executive order suspending new offshore wind permit and lease approvals while mandating a review of previously authorized projects. [53] The order directs federal agencies to reassess the ecological, economic, and environmental impacts of these developments, which could lead to the reconsideration or revocation of existing leases.[54]

Although New England Wind 1 has secured its lease and federal approvals, the project remains subject to potential regulatory changes following the executive order.[22] The directive to reassess previously authorized projects introduces uncertainty regarding whether construction will proceed as planned. New England Wind 2, which has not yet completed the permitting process, faces a greater risk of delays or cancellation if federal agencies restrict new approvals.[53]

The suspension or delay of these projects could affect Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, which have incorporated offshore wind into their energy procurement strategies. Several pending offshore wind solicitations in these states were structured with the expectation of utilizing energy from New England Wind. Delays or cancellations of these projects could affect state energy procurement plans and offshore wind development goals.[55]

See Also

References

  1. ^ a b "Avangrid's New England Wind 1 Project Selected by Massachusetts In Offshore Wind Solicitation". New England Wind 1. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  2. ^ a b c d e Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. (n.d.). New England Wind 1 and 2. Retrieved from https://www.boem.gov/renewable-energy/state-activities/new-england-wind-1-and-2
  3. ^ "New England Wind (formerly Vineyard Wind South) | Nantucket, MA - Official Website". nantucket-ma.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  4. ^ "who we are". New England Wind 2. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  5. ^ Lennon, Anastasia E. (2024-05-16). "Glauconite poses challenge for Avangrid offshore wind project New England Wind". The New Bedford Light. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  6. ^ a b "BOEM Approves Construction and Operations Plan for New England Wind's Offshore Wind Projects | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  7. ^ Iberdrola. "Offshore Wind Energy: Offshore Wind Farm New England Wind." Accessed January 13, 2025. https://www.iberdrola.com/about-us/what-we-do/offshore-wind-energy-offshore-wind-farm-new-england-wind.
  8. ^ "BOEM Approves Construction and Operations Plan for New England Wind's Offshore Wind Projects | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  9. ^ Dani, Jarrett. “New England States Join Forces to Hike Offshore Wind Activity.” Reuters, August 5, 2024. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/new-england-states-join-forces-hike-offshore-wind-activity-2024-08-05/.
  10. ^ Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. “Massachusetts Clean Energy and Climate Plan for 2025 and 2030.” Accessed January 13, 2025. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massachusetts-clean-energy-and-climate-plan-for-2025-and-2030.
  11. ^ a b c Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs. “Massachusetts and Rhode Island Announce Largest Offshore Wind Selection in New England History.” September 6, 2024. https://www.mass.gov/news/massachusetts-and-rhode-island-announce-largest-offshore-wind-selection-in-new-england-history.
  12. ^ a b c "Avangrid Receives Federal Record of Decision for New England Wind". New England Wind 1. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  13. ^ "Permitting & Documents". New England Wind 2. Retrieved 2025-01-23.
  14. ^ a b c d e "Massachusetts Leases OCS-A 0500 (Bay State Wind) And OCS-A 0501 (Vineyard Wind) | BOEM.gov". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-23.
  15. ^ a b c d "Wayback Machine" (PDF). www.nrel.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-02-19. Retrieved 2025-02-23. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. (n.d.). Record of decision: New England Wind (OCS-A 0534). Retrieved from https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/renewable-energy/state-activities/Record%20of%20Decision_New%20England%20Wind_OCS-A%200534.pdf
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (February 2024). "Construction and Operations Plan Lease Area OCS-A 0534 Volume III Appendices" (PDF). Retrieved February 5, 2025.
  18. ^ a b c d "Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Vineyard Wind South Project Offshore Massachusetts". Federal Register. 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2025-03-02.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i "New England Wind Project Final Environmental Impact Statement" (PDF). Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. March 1, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2025.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  20. ^ a b c d e "New England Wind Final EIS | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  21. ^ "FWS ESA Consultations | BOEM.gov". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-03.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Avangrid, Inc. (March 27, 2024). "Response to the Request For Proposals For Long-Term Contracts for an Offshore Wind Energy Project New England Wind 1 and New England Wind 2" (PDF). Massachusetts Clean Energy. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
  23. ^ "What Are The Auction Procedures, And How Will BOEM Determine Winners? | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  24. ^ "Vineyard Wind 1 Becomes the First Commercial Scale Offshore Wind Farm in the US to Achieve Financial Close". Vineyard Wind. 2021-09-15. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
  25. ^ Avangrid, Inc. (July 2022). "Avangrid GRI Report". Avangrid. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
  26. ^ Buljan, Adrijana (2023-07-19). "Avangrid Terminates Long-Fought PPAs in Massachusetts at Cost of Almost USD 50 Million". Offshore Wind. Retrieved 2025-02-13.
  27. ^ Avangrid (February 21, 2023). "AVANGRID Reports 2022 Financial Results". Avangrid.com. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  28. ^ Avangrid, Inc. (July 1, 2024). "Avangrid Receives Full Federal Approval for Construction of New England Wind Offshore Projects". Avangrid. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
  29. ^ Iberdrola (May 17, 2024). "Iberdrola and Avangrid reach an agreement to acquire 100% of the American company". Iberdrola. Retrieved February 12, 2025.
  30. ^ a b BOEM (July 1, 2024). "Conditions of Construction and Operations Plan Approval Lease Number OCS-A 0534" (PDF). BOEM.gov. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  31. ^ "BOEM Approves Construction and Operations Plan for New England Wind's Offshore Wind Projects | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  32. ^ The Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (January 28, 2022). "Certificate of the Secretary of Energy and Environmental Affairs on the Final Environmental Impact Report" (PDF). mvcommission.org. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  33. ^ Avangrid (September 6, 2024). "Avangrid's New England Wind 1 Project Selected by Massachusetts In Offshore Wind Solicitation". Avangrid. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
  34. ^ Whited, Melissa; Knight, Pat; Kwok, Shelley; Silva, Patricio (June 3, 2024). "Charting the Wind: Quantifying the Ratepayer, Climate, and Public Health Benefits of Offshore Wind in New England". Synapse Energy Economics. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
  35. ^ "Temporary Withdrawal of All Areas on the Outer Continental Shelf from Offshore Wind Leasing and Review of the Federal Government's Leasing and Permitting Practices for Wind Projects". The White House. 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  36. ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference :6 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  37. ^ "Building Trades Union and Vineyard Wind Sign Historic Project Labor Agreement". Vineyard Wind. 2021-07-16. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  38. ^ a b "Avangrid, Eversource tout grid upgrades for New England Wind 1 - Factor This™". www.renewableenergyworld.com. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  39. ^ "Transmission Operating Agreements". www.iso-ne.com. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  40. ^ a b "Vineyard Wind, America's First Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farm, Delivers Full Power from 5 Turbines to the New England Grid". Mass.gov. Archived from the original on 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  41. ^ a b c d “Cumulative Historic Resources Visual Effects Assessment.” BOEM, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management , 2022, www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/renewable-energy/New_England_Wind_Cumulative_HRVEA_compliant.pdf.
  42. ^ a b “FY 2023 Tribal Consultation Report.” BOEM, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management , 2023, www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/about-boem/2019-Tribal-Consultation-Report.pdf.
  43. ^ Avangrid (March 5, 2024). "Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Issues Final Environmental Impact Statement for Avangrid's New England Wind Lease Area". Avangrid.com. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  44. ^ US EPA, OP (2013-07-31). "National Environmental Policy Act Review Process". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  45. ^ a b c "Regulations.gov". www.regulations.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  46. ^ "New England Wind Virtual Meeting Room | Bureau of Ocean Energy Management". www.boem.gov. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  47. ^ "AVANGRID, Town of Barnstable Enter Into Host Community Agreement to Advance Park City Wind Project". New England Wind 1. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  48. ^ "Fisheries". New England Wind 1. 2024-05-02. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  49. ^ "Offshore Wind Blowing a Clean Future to New England". Save the Sound. 2024-04-12. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  50. ^ "Avangrid Advances Responsible Offshore Wind Development as Part of Regional Wildlife Science Collaborative". New England Wind 1. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  51. ^ Avangrid (March 27, 2024). "Avangrid Submits Multiple Proposals for Transformative New England Wind Projects to Regional Offshore Wind Solicitation". Avangrid.com. Retrieved March 6, 2025.
  52. ^ whitehal (2021-09-30). "Vineyard Wind Announces Partnership with the City of Salem and Crowley to Transform Salem Harbor into Offshore Wind Port". Crowley. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  53. ^ a b "Temporary Withdrawal of All Areas on the Outer Continental Shelf from Offshore Wind Leasing and Review of the Federal Government's Leasing and Permitting Practices for Wind Projects". The White House. 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
  54. ^ "Trump's pause on offshore wind leasing may have limited impact in New England". www.wbur.org. 2025-01-23. Retrieved 2025-02-11.
  55. ^ "Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut Sign First-Time Agreement for Multi-State Offshore Wind Procurement". Mass.gov. Archived from the original on 2024-12-26. Retrieved 2025-03-06.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.