The siege of Brest took place in 1342 during the Breton Civil War, a dispute over who should inherit the Duchy of Brittany, with Charles of Blois, supported by
The siege of Brest took place in 1342 during the Breton Civil War, a dispute over who should inherit the Duchy of Brittany, with Charles of Blois, supported by a large French army, besieging supporters of John of Montfort. As France and England were engaged in the Hundred Years' War, the Monfortists appealed to the English king for military assistance, which was promised. It was slow in coming, and by July 1342 Brest was the last fortification held for the Montfort cause. The town was blockaded from the sea by 14 mercenary Genoese galleys. On 18 August, an English fleet of 260 ships (example pictured), commanded by William of Northampton, sailed into the Brest Roads and overwhelmed the galleys, burning 11. The English ships carried only a small fighting force, but seeing so many enemy ships and the English vanguard disembarking, Charles broke off the siege and withdrew. The historian Jonathan Sumption describes this as extraordinary. The Breton Civil War continued until 1365, and the Hundred Years' War until 1453. (Full article...)
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The Scream is an art composition first created by the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch in 1893. Its imagery has been interpreted as expressing the anxiety of modern humanity and influenced the Expressionist movement. Munch described walking at sunset when the sky turned blood red and sensing an "infinite scream passing through nature". He produced four versions, two in paint and two in pastel, as well as a lithograph. The 1895 pastel sold at auction for nearly US$120 million in 2012. Versions of The Scream were stolen from museums in Oslo in 1994 and 2004; both were later recovered. This 1893 painted version of The Scream features the barely visible pencil inscription Kan kun være malet af en gal Mand! ('could only have been painted by a madman'), and is in the collection of the National Museum of Norway in Oslo.
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