Twig is a template engine for the PHP programming language . Its syntax originates from Jinja and Django templates.[ 3] [ 4] BSD License and maintained by Fabien Potencier. The initial version was created by Armin Ronacher . Symfony PHP framework comes with a bundled support for Twig as its default template engine since version 2.[ 5]
The same template language is used by the Nunjucks template engine, thus Nunjucks is also supported by the following tools.
Features
Complex control flow
Automatic escaping
Template inheritance
Variable filters[ 6]
i18n support (gettext)
Macros
Fully extendable[ 3] [ 7] Twig is supported by the following integrated development environments :[ 3]
Eclipse via the Twig pluginKomodo and Komodo Edit via the Twig highlight/syntax check modeNetBeans via the Twig syntax plugin (until 7.1, native as of 7.2)PhpStorm (native as of 2.1)IntelliJ IDEs, including WebStorm, via a plugin And the text editors:
Syntax
Twig defines three kinds of delimiters:
{{ ... }}, to print the content of variables or the result of evaluating an expression (e.g.: an inherited Twig template with {{ parent() }}).{# ... #}, to add comments in the templates. These comments aren't included in the rendered page.{% ... %}, to execute statements, such as for-loops.
{% set foo = 'bar' %} [ 8] {% if i is defined and i == 1 %} ... {% endif %} {% for i in 0..10 %} ... {% endfor %} The apostrophe (') is the escape character.
To create an iterative array:
{% set myArray = [ 1 , 2 ] %}
An associative array:
{% set myArray = { 'key' : 'value' } %}
Operators precedence
The operators precedence is,[ 3]
Operator
Role
b-and
Bitwise AND
b-xor
Bitwise XOR
b-or
Bitwise OR
or
Or
and
And
==
Is equal?
!=
Is different?
<
Inferior
>
Superior
>=
Superior or equal
<=
Inferior or equal
in
Into
matches
Corresponds
starts with
Begins by
ends with
Finishes by
..
Sequence (ex: 1..5)
+
Plus
-
Less
~
Concatenation
*
Multiplication
/
Division
//
Division rounded to lower
%
Modulo
is
Test (ex: is defined or is not empty)
**
Power
|
Filter[ 6]
[]
Array entry
.
Attribute or method from an object (ex: country.name)
Filters
The filters provide some treatments on an expression, when placed after it, separated by pipes. For example:[ 6]
capitalize: changes a string's first letter to capital.upper: changes a whole string to capital.first: displays the first line of an array.length: returns a variable size.
Special variables
loop contains the current loop information. For example loop.index corresponds to the number of iterations which have already occurred.The global variables begin with underscores. For example:
_route (URL part located after the domain)
_self (current file name) So, to the a page route: {{ path(app.request.attributes.get('_route'), app.request.attributes.get('_route_params')) }}
The CGI environment variables , such as {{ app.request.server.get('SERVER_NAME') }}.
Example
The example below demonstrates some basic features of Twig.
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block navigation %}
< ul id = "navigation" >
{% for item in navigation %}
< li >
< a href = " {{ item.href }} " >
{% if item.level == 2 %} {% endif %}
{{ item.caption | upper }}
</ a >
</ li >
{% endfor %}
</ ul >
{% endblock navigation %}
See also
References
^ "mitsuhiko/twig" . GitHub . August 13, 2019.^ "Release 3.17.1" . 12 December 2024. Retrieved 28 December 2024 .^ a b c d "Twig for Template Designers - Documentation - Twig - The flexible, fast, and secure PHP template engine" . Twig .^ "twigphp/Twig" . GitHub . July 1, 2020.^ "Symfony2 Documentation — Documentation" . Twig . August 5, 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-08-05.^ a b c "Filters - Documentation - Twig - The flexible, fast, and secure PHP template engine" . Twig .^ "Extending Twig - Documentation - Twig - The flexible, fast, and secure PHP template engine" . Twig .^ "set - Documentation - Twig - The flexible, fast, and secure PHP template engine" . Twig .
External links
