Tununak, Alaska

Tununak Tununeq
CDP
Aerial view of Tununak
Tununak Location within the state of Alaska
Coordinates: 60°34′50″N 165°15′34″W
Country	United States
State	Alaska
Census Area	Bethel
Government
• State senator	Lyman Hoffman (D)
• State rep.	Conrad McCormick (D)
Area [1]
• Total	60.95 sq mi (157.85 km^2)
• Land	60.71 sq mi (157.23 km^2)
• Water	0.24 sq mi (0.62 km^2)
Population  (2020)
• Total	411
• Density	6.77/sq mi (2.61/km^2)
Time zone	UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-8 (AKDT)
ZIP code	99681
Area code	907
FIPS code	02-79230

Tununak (Too-new-nak) (Central Yupik: Tununeq) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 411.

Geography

Tununak is located at 60°34′50″N 165°15′34″W (60.580477, -165.259486).^[2]

It is located on the northwest side of Nelson Island in the Bering Sea. It is approximately 5 miles (8.0 km) from the closest village Toksook Bay and a year-round trail exists between the two villages.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 60.7 square miles (157 km²), of which, 60.5 square miles (157 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km²) of it (0.33%) is water.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	8		—
1890	48		500.0%
1940	65		—
1950	112		72.3%
1960	183		63.4%
1970	274		49.7%
1980	298		8.8%
1990	316		6.0%
2000	325		2.8%
2010	327		0.6%
2020	411		25.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[3]

Tununak was visited by Edward Nelson in December of 1878, where he reported 6 people living there.^[4] Two years later, it first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as "Tanunak", an unincorporated village of 8 residents, all Inuit. It appeared on the 1890 census as the village of "Dununuk." A Roman Catholic mission was later established in 1891.^[4] In 1940, it appeared again as "Tanunak" until it was incorporated as Tununak in 1975. It was disincorporated in 1997 and made a census-designated place (CDP) effective with the 2000 census.

As of the census^[5] of 2000, there were 325 people, 82 households, and 59 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 5.4 people per square mile (2.1 people/km²). There were 93 housing units at an average density of 1.5 per square mile (0.58/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 94.77% Central Yupik, 3.08% White, and 2.15% from two or more races.

There were 82 households, out of which 47.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 1.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.96 and the average family size was 5.00.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 42.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 12.9% from 45 to 64, and 7.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 139.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 159.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $25,000, and the median income for a family was $26,500. Males had a median income of $18,125 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $7,653. About 29.6% of families and 30.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 50.0% of those age 65 or over.

The naturalist Edward Nelson, who visited the island in 1878, noted 6 people living on Nelson Island: 5 Yupik and one non-Yupik trader.

Composition

In 2003 there were seventy houses. There were also two shops and a video/DVD rental business.^[6]

Government and infrastructure

In 2003 the community had a post office.^[6]

In 2003 "honey buckets" for human waste and wells for drinking water were used due to a lack of sewage and water systems.^[6]

Education

Lower Kuskokwim School District operates Paul T. Albert Memorial School, K-12. It is a bilingual English-Yugtun school. As of 2018^[update] there are about 108 students at the school, all Alaska Natives.^[7] In 2003 it was the building of the largest size in Tununak. Kimberly C. Price, who formerly taught at the school, stated that students are in mainly Yupik speaking houses and generally retain fluency of the language.^[6]

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) formerly operated a school in Tununak. It was converted into school district employee housing.^[6]

Transportation

• Tununak Airport

There was a single main road.^[6]

• 
  Tununak
• 
  Tununak in the winter
• 
  View towards Tununak from the north
• 
  Houses in Tununak

References

1. "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
2. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
3. "U.S. Decennial Census". Census.gov. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
4. Orth, Donal J. (1971). "Dictionary of Alaska Place Names" (PDF). Geological Survey Professional Paper. 567. United States Department of the Interior: 948. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
5. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
6. Price, p. 43.
7. "Paul T. Albert Memorial School." Paul T. Albert Memorial School. Retrieved on July 13, 2018.

Further reading

Made by a former school district employee:

• Price, Kimberly C. (November 2003). "Teaching as Learning in a Yup'ik Eskimo Village". The English Journal. 93 (2 Being and Becoming a Teacher). National Council of Teachers of English: 42–48.

60.580477°N 165.259486°W / 60.580477; -165.259486