Tunsgate

Tunsgate
Tunsgate
Location	High Street, Guildford
Coordinates	51.2357°N 0.5721°W / 51.2357; -0.5721
Built	1818
Architect	Henry Garling
Architectural style(s)	Neoclassical style
Listed Building – Grade II
Official name	Tunsgate
Designated	1 May 1853
Reference no.	1377878
Shown in Surrey

Tunsgate is a neoclassical style building in Guildford, Surrey, England. The structure, which was originally a corn exchange and now forms the entrance to a shopping centre, is a Grade II listed building.^[1]

History

Guildford and Freiburg im Breisgau coats of arms mosaic installed on the floor of the building

During the second half of the 16th century and into the 17th century, corn merchants conducted their trade on the ground floor off the Guildhall. This arrangement ceased in 1626, when trading moved to a space covered by a wooden canopy on the south side of the High Street, in front of the Three Tuns Inn.^[2][3][4]

In the early 19th century, civic leaders decided to demolish the Three Tuns Inn and to commission a more substantial structure, which would accommodate the corn market and the court of assizes, on the same site. The new building was designed by Henry Garling in the neoclassical style, built in Portland stone and was completed in 1818.^[5][6] The design featured a large portico with four Tuscan order columns supporting an entablature and a pediment, with the borough coat of arms and some agricultural symbols in the tympanum.^[1]

By 1860, the court facilities in the building were found to be "grossly inadequate"^[7] and the assizes moved to the County Hall in North Street, which had been commissioned as a mechanics' institute in 1845.^[8] The use of the Tunsgate building as a corn exchange declined significantly in the wake of the Great Depression of British Agriculture in the late 19th century.^[9] After trading moved to Woodbridge Road, the Tunsgate corn market closed on 18 May 1901.^[10][11]

Most of the building was demolished in 1937 leaving the portico to form the entrance to a new car park. The four columns, which had originally been evenly spaced, were adjusted with the two centre columns being moved further apart, to enable traffic to pass through.^[12] The architectural historian, Nikolaus Pevsner, was impressed by the retention of the portico describing it as "a successful case of sympathetic re-use instead of demolition".^[13]

The 1930s car park was redeveloped as a shopping centre, known as "Tunsgate Square", in the 1970s and a mosaic depicting the coats of arms of Guildford and its twin town, Freiburg im Breisgau, was installed under the portico in 1992.^[14] The shopping centre was re-modelled by developers, Queensberry Real Estate, as the "Tunsgate Quarter", between 2016 and 2018.^[15]

See also

• Corn exchanges in England

References

1. Historic England. "Tunsgate (1377878)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
2. Field, Marion (2022). The Story of Guildford (2nd ed.). Andover: Phillimore. p. 57. ISBN 978-0750998994.
3. "View of the Old Corn Market and Tuns Inn, Guildford". Yale Center For British Art. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
4. "Nostalgia: Fascinating history of Guildford's Tunsgate revealed in Surrey Advertiser archives". Get Surrey. 13 March 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
5. The Pupil-teacher: A Monthly Journal of Practical Educational Literature. Vol. 3. London: George John Stevenson. 1860. p. 243.
6. Brayley, Edward Wedlake (1841). The History of Surrey Part 2. Vol. 1. R. B. Ede. p. 383.
7. Chamberlin, Eric Russell (1970). Guildford: a Biography. Macmillan. p. 193. ISBN 978-0333019535. the Guildford Assize courts were found to be grossly inadequate
8. Malden, H. E. (1911). "'The borough of Guildford: Introduction and castle', in A History of the County of Surrey". London: British History Online. pp. 547–560. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
9. Fletcher, T. W. (1973). 'The Great Depression of English Agriculture 1873-1896' in British Agriculture 1875-1914. London: Methuen. p. 31. ISBN 978-1136581182.
10. "Look Out Below! at Tunsgate Arch". The Guildford Dragon. 20 February 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
11. Rose, David (2019). Lost Guildford. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445692951.
12. Parke, Bernard; Rose, David (2009). Guildford Through Time. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1445628486.
13. Nairn, Ian; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (2002). Surrey (Buildings of England Series). Yale University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0300096750.
14. "Guildford and Freiburg im Breisgau coats of arms mosaic". Open Plaques. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014.
15. "Tunsgate Quarter: A complete history of the long-awaited redevelopment of Guildford's newest shopping centre". Get Surrey. 18 March 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2023.