During the British Raj, the district was referred to as Trichinopoly, and was a district of the Madras Presidency; it was renamed upon India's declaration of independence in 1947. The district is spread over an area of 4,404 square kilometres (1,700 sq mi) and had a population of 2,722,290 in 2011.
The North most and South most parts of the district are hilly, central part of the district is Kaveri plains. Trichy district is diverse in landscape, mixture of Fertile, Delta, Valleys, Hilly areas, Semi Arid Zones. Central part of the district is fertile due to river Kaveri flowing through this district, by splitting the district into North and South. North Central and South Central part of the district is Semi arid and drought prone area, receives less rainfall. Evergreen Pachaimalai Hills and Kolli Hills form the Stunning and Enchanting Valley in between these two hills. Falls and Streams from these two hills fills up the lakes in valley areas and makes the land irrigated and Fertile.
According to 2011 census, Tiruchirappalli district had a population of 2,722,290 with a sex-ratio of 1,013 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. 49.15% of the population lives in urban areas.[7] A total of 272,456 were under the age of six, constituting 139,946 males and 132,510 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 17.14% and 0.67% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the district was 74.9%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.[7] The district had a total of 698,404 households. There were a total of 1,213,979 workers, comprising 161,657 cultivators, 319,720 main agricultural labourers, 25,174 in house hold industries, 575,778 other workers, 131,650 marginal workers, 9,012 marginal cultivators, 59,062 marginal agricultural labourers, 5,212 marginal workers in household industries and 58,364 other marginal workers.[8]
The major rivers are the River Kaveri and the River Kollidam.
The important rivers across city is Koraiyar, Uyyakondan and Kudamuruti rivers.[citation needed]
Agriculture
The district has a large cattle and poultry population with agriculture workers in the smaller villages like Kalpalayathanpatti.
The rivers Kaveri and Kollidam start branching out to form the Kaveri delta irrigating vast tracts of land in the district. The major crops are rice (vast tracts); sugarcane (vast tracts); banana/plantain; coconut; cotton (small tracts); betel; maize; and groundnut.
Trichirapalli district is well known for all varieties of Banana Cultivation. Banana research centre is located in Tiruchirapalli Agricultural University. National Research Centre for Banana, ICAR NRB is also located in Trichy.
Tiruchirapalli district is well known for Sugarcane Plantation also, Agriculture Research Centre for Sugarcane is located in
Sirugamani.
^ ab"Census Info 2011 Final population totals". Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
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