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The Honourable
Thomas Playford
The Honourable Thomas Playford
17th Premier of South Australia
	In office; 11 June 1887 – 27 June 1889
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Sir William Robinson; Earl of Kintore
Preceded by	John Downer
Succeeded by	John Cockburn
	In office; 19 August 1890 – 21 June 1892
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Earl of Kintore
Preceded by	John Cockburn
Succeeded by	Frederick Holder
Leader of the Government in the Senate
	In office; 5 July 1905 – 31 December 1906
Preceded by	Josiah Symon
Succeeded by	Robert Best
	In office; 24 September 1903 – 27 April 1904
Preceded by	Richard O'Connor
Succeeded by	Gregor McGregor
Minister for Defence
	In office; 5 July 1905 – 24 January 1907
Prime Minister	Alfred Deakin
Preceded by	James Whiteside McCay
Succeeded by	Thomas Ewing
Senator for South Australia
	In office; 30 March 1901 – 31 December 1906
Leader of the Opposition in South Australia
	In office; 1889–1890
Preceded by	John Cockburn
Succeeded by	Frederick Holder
	In office; 1887–1887
Preceded by	Jenkin Coles
Succeeded by	John Downer
Personal details
Born	26 November 1837; Bethnal Green, London, England
Died	19 April 1915 (aged 77); Kent Town, South Australia
Spouse	Mary Jane Kinsman (m. 1860)
Children	11
Relatives	Thomas Playford I (father), Thomas Playford IV (grandson), John Henry Sexton (son-in-law)

Thomas Playford (26 November 1837 – 19 April 1915) was an Australian politician who served two terms as Premier of South Australia (1887–1889; 1890–1892). He subsequently entered federal politics, serving as a Senator for South Australia from 1901 to 1906 and as Minister for Defence from 1905 to 1907.

Early life

Born in Bethnal Green, London in 1837, Thomas Playford II^{[note 1]} moved to Adelaide in 1844 with his parents the Rev. Thomas Playford (c. 1795 – 18 September 1873) and his wife Mary Anne Playford, née Perry (c. 1804 – 27 April 1872), two brothers and a sister. He worked as a farmer prior to entering politics.^[1]^[2]

South Australian politics

Elected to the Parliament of South Australia at the 1868 election as the Member for Onkaparinga,^[2] he gained the sobriquet "Honest Tom" for his forthright and straightforward manner, although these same qualities would earn him the occasional disapproval of fellow politicians and the electorate, such as the remark in parliament "stinkwort and Emil Wentzel were weeds that have come from Germany", a remark that contributed to his defeat at the 1871 election.^[1]^[2] Playford returned to Parliament at the 1875 election as member for East Torrens and held the position of Reforming Commissioner for Crown Lands and Immigration before losing his seat yet again at the 1887 election. A month later however, he won the seat of Newcastle.^[2] By mid-1887 he became Premier and Treasurer, positions he would hold for two years until a vote of no confidence passed. During his premiership, his most important achievement was considered to be the implementation of the first systematic tariff system for South Australia.^[1]^[3]^[4]

He regained East Torrens at the 1890 election and a few months later he formed his second government, again becoming Premier and Treasurer, and would again last for two years. He received kudos for significantly reducing the colony's debt, although he spent much of this second term in India. Charles Kingston brought together the various 'liberal' groups and was able to defeat the conservative John Downer government at the 1893 election with Labor support. The Kingston government would last for a then-record six years. Kingston had appointed Playford as Treasurer in his government, however in 1894 Playford moved to London to act as Agent-General for South Australia before returning to South Australia in 1898 to serve in Kingston's government from the 1899 election as member for Gumeracha,^[2] until he crossed the floor in later that year over a potential erosion of the power of the Legislative Council, bringing down the Kingston government in the process. He also found the time to involve himself in the planning of the Federation of the Australian Commonwealth and drafting the Australian Constitution. As part of this, he proposed the title "Commonwealth of Australia".^[1]^[3]

Federal politics

As a moderate Protectionist, but with the endorsement of the conservative Australasian National League (formerly National Defence League), Playford became a Senator at the inaugural 1901 federal election. Two years later in Alfred Deakin's government, Playford served for seven months as Leader of the Government in the Senate and Vice-President of the Executive Council. He became Minister for Defence in 1905 which he held for 18 months. He was defeated in the 1906 federal election, the first serving Minister to suffer this fate. His term as a Senator ended on 31 December 1906, and his ministerial commission was terminated on 24 January 1907.^[5] Playford made one further unsuccessful attempt to re-enter the Senate at the 1910 federal election.^[1]

Death

Playford died in Kent Town, Adelaide on 19 April 1915.^[1]^[3]

Family

Playford married Mary Jane Kinsman (born 20 May 1835, the daughter of Rev. William Kinsman) on 16 December 1860. The couple had eleven children: five sons, five daughters and one adoptive daughter.^[1]

His eldest daughter Annie (died 1956) married the Rev. John Henry Sexton on 30 June 1886.

On 1 January 1889 his second daughter Eliza (born 1866) married Harry J. Tuck (born 1863), elder brother of painter Marie Tuck and later headmaster at Unley High School.^[6]

Playford's grandson, Sir Thomas Playford, also served as Premier of South Australia.

Notes

^ Delineating the various Thomas Playfords with a generation number is solely for ease of reference in this and related articles; in Australia there is no tradition of referring to "Thomas Playford II" et al. in speech or in writing.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Playford, John (1988). "Playford, Thomas (1837–1915)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Hon Thomas Playford II". Former members of the Parliament of South Australia. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Serle, Percival (1949). "Playford, Thomas (1837–1915)". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
^ "Thomas Playford - 1887". Members. Parliament of South Australia. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 20 October 2007.
^ Milburn, Elizabeth (2000). "PLAYFORD, Thomas (1837–1915)". The Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
^ "Aunt of Premier Wed 50 Years". The News. Adelaide. 31 December 1938. p. 5. Retrieved 5 December 2015 – via Trove.

Sources

Jupp, J. (2004) The English in Australia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Parliament of South Australia
Preceded by William Milne	Member for Onkaparinga 1868–1871 Served alongside: William Townsend, Friedrich Krichauff	Succeeded by William Bundey
Preceded by George Stevenson	Member for East Torrens 1875–1887 Served alongside: Edwin Smith, David Murray	Succeeded by Saul Solomon
Preceded by Patrick Coglin	Member for Newcastle 1887–1890 Served alongside: Thomas Burgoyne	Succeeded by Joseph Hancock
Preceded by Saul Solomon	Member for East Torrens 1890–1894 Served alongside: Edwin Smith, Frederick Coneybeer	Succeeded by David Packham
Preceded by William Randell	Member for Gumeracha 1899–1901 Served alongside: Robert Homburg	Succeeded by William Jamieson
Political offices
Preceded by David Bower	Commissioner of Public Works 1884–1885	Succeeded by Jenkin Coles
Preceded by Jenkin Coles	Leader of the Opposition of South Australia 1887	Succeeded by John Downer
Preceded by John Downer	Premier of South Australia 1887–1889	Succeeded by John Cockburn
Preceded by John Cockburn	Leader of the Opposition of South Australia 1889–1890	Succeeded by Frederick Holder
Preceded by John Cockburn	Premier of South Australia 1890–1892	Succeeded by Frederick Holder
Parliament of Australia
New division	Senator for South Australia 1901–1906	Succeeded by William Russell Joseph Vardon James O'Loghlin
Political offices
Preceded by Richard O'Connor	Vice-President of the Executive Council 1903 – 1904	Succeeded by Gregor McGregor
Preceded by James Whiteside McCay	Minister for Defence 1905 – 1907	Succeeded by Thomas Ewing
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by John Cox Bray	Agent-General for South Australia 1894–1898	Succeeded by John Cockburn