Thomas Birch (1779 – January 3, 1851) was an English-born American portrait and marine painter.
Biography
Birch was born in Warwickshire, England. He came to the U. S. in 1794, and assisted his artist father, William Birch, in preparing a 29-plate collection of engravings:Birch's Views of Philadelphia (1800).[1] Subscribers to the series included President John Adams and Vice President Thomas Jefferson.[2] This sold well and went into multiple editions, inspiring similar collected views of New York City, and of suburban estates surrounding Philadelphia and Baltimore. The son's first major painting appears to have been a view of Philadelphia from the Treaty Elm in Kensington, which was also engraved and published in 1804.[3] He painted portraits until about 1807, when he took up marine-painting. Some of his most famous works depict naval battles of the War of 1812.[4]
"Birch was the first American ship portraitist, and his paintings were copied by countless artists and craftsmen in America and Europe."[5] In addition to ships, they provide valuable images of bridges, lighthouses, docksides, and harbor fortifications in the Early Republic, especially those surrounding New York City and Philadelphia. His paintings of suburban mansions and rural snow scenes were often turned into engravings.
United States Capitol, Completed Northern Wing (c. 1801), engraving, Library of Congress.
Marine landscapes were painted thirty years ago by an Englishman in Philadelphia — Thomas Birch. The freshness of his atmosphere and clearly-painted waves were a marked feature. His delineation of the engagement between the U.S. frigate Constitution and the British frigate Guerriere, and that between the United States and the Macedonian — each four by two feet six inches — are fine specimens of this artist, and of rare historical value.[7]
On the Shrewsbury River, Redbank, New Jersey, 1840
An American Shore Scene, 1831
packet ship in a stormy sea, 1849 in the collection at The Mariners' Museum
boats navigating the waves, ca 1828 in the collection at The Mariners' Museum
view of the Philadelphia Navy Yard, 1835 in the collection at The Mariners' Museum
References
Marian Carson, "Thomas Birch", Catalogue of the 150th Anniversary Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, (PAFA, 1955), p. 34.
Doris Jear Creer, Thomas Birch: A Study of the Condition of Painting and the Artist's Position in Federal America, M.A. thesis, University of Delaware, 1958.
William H. Gerdts, Thomas Birch (1779–1851), Paintings and Drawings, exhibition catalogue, Philadelphia Maritime Museum, 1966.
Richard Anthony Lewis, "Interesting Particulars and Melancholy Occurrences: Thomas Birch's Representations of the Shipping Trade, 1799–1850", 3 vols., Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University, 1994.
Tony Lewis, "Sleigh Ride on a Grey Day, 1832", "American Paintings", (Schwarz Galleries, 2003), pp. 36–38.
Stefanie A. Munsing, "Thomas Birch (1779–1851)", Philadelphia: Three Centuries of American Art, (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1976), pp. 229–30.
Michael W. Schantz, Celebrating Philadelphia's Artistic Legacy, (Woodmere Art Museum, 2000), pp. 23–24.
Martin P. Snyder, "William Birch: His Philadelphia Views", Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 73 (1949), pp. 271–315.
S. Robert Teitelman, Birch's Views of Philadelphia, with Photographs of the Sites in 1960 & 1982, (Free Library of Philadelphia, 1982, reprinted University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983).
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