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Tevya
Tevya
	Theatrical release poster in English and Yiddish
Directed by	Maurice Schwartz
Written by	Maurice Schwartz
Produced by	Henry Ziskin
Starring	Maurice Schwartz; Miriam Riselle; Rebecca Weintraub; Paula Lubelski
Distributed by	Maymon Films Inc.
Release date	December 21, 1939;
Running time	93 min
Country	United States
Languages	Yiddish; Russian
Budget	$70,000

Tevya is a 1939 American Yiddish film, based on author Sholem Aleichem's stock character Tevye the Dairyman, also the subject of the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof.^[2] It was the first non-English language picture selected for preservation by the National Film Registry.^[3]^[4]

Cast

Maurice Schwartz as Tevya
Miriam Riselle as Chava
Rebecca Weintraub as Golde
Paula Lubelski as Tzeitel
Leon Liebgold as Fedya
Vicki Marcus as Shloimele
Betty Marcus as Perele
Julius Adler as Aleksei the Priest
David Makarenko as Mikita
Helen Grossman as Mikita's Wife
Morris Strassberg as Starosta
Al Harris as Zazuli
Louis Weisberg as Shtarsina
Boas Yound as Officer Uradnick

Production

The script was adapted by Marcy Klauber and Schwartz from Sholem Aleichem's play based on his own book. Schwartz directed the film, which was based on two works by Schwartz from 1919: the silent film Broken Barriers (Khavah) and the stage production of Tevye.^[5]^[6]

The production was filmed at Biograph Studios in New York City and on a farm in Jericho, New York. Midway through the shooting of the film, Hitler seized Danzig on August 23, 1939, and a Nazi invasion of Poland was imminent. These and other events in Europe affected the actors, many of whom had family in Poland. The filming, however, was completed.^[7]

Plot

The story focuses primarily on Sholem Aleichem's stories "Chava" and "Lekh-Lekho (Get Thee Out)" but provides a definite ending rather than Sholom Aleichem's ambiguous ending. In this version of Tevya, as the Jews are expelled from their shtetl, Chava who previously converted to Christianity to marry, leaves her husband, returns to her family and to Judaism. It is felt that the antisemitism of the time influenced Schwartz to provide this ending.^[7]

Rediscovery

Long thought to be a lost film, a print was discovered in 1978. The same story was the basis of the 1964 stage musical Fiddler on the Roof and its 1971 film version, but the fate of Chava in the ending was changed for the change in attitudes by that time.^[7]

In 1991, Tevya was the first non-English language film to be named "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the U.S. Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

References

^ Richard Koszarski, Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff, Rutgers University Press, 2008. p. 385.
^ ^a ^b Turner Classic Movies
^ "Complete National Film Registry Listing". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
^ "Tevye". www.jewishfilm.org. Retrieved 2020-05-12.
^ Bridge of Light: Yiddish Film Between Two Worlds by J Hobermann. New York, 1991, ISBN 9781584658702. p.53-54.
^ Laughter Through Tears: The Yiddish Cinema by Judith N Goldberg. 1983. ISBN 9780838630747. p.97-98.
^ ^a ^b ^c Frieden, Ken, "A Century in the Life of Sholem Aleichem's Tevye" (1993). Syracuse University. Paper 46.