Tasman Island

Tasman Island
Tasman Island From Cape Pillar c. 2018
Tasman Island is located in Tasmania
Tasman Island
Tasman Island
Location in Tasmania
EtymologyAbel Tasman
Geography
LocationTasman Sea
Coordinates43°14′15″S 148°00′10″E / 43.23750°S 148.00278°E / -43.23750; 148.00278
ArchipelagoTasman Island Group
Area1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi)
Administration
Australia
StateTasmania
Additional information
Time zone
 • Summer (DST)

The Tasman Island, part of the Tasman Island Group, is an oval island with an area of 1.2 square kilometres (0.46 sq mi), lying close to the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, Australia. The island is located in the Tasman Sea, situated off the Tasman Peninsula and is contained within the Tasman National Park.

The island is a plateau surrounded by steep dolerite cliffs, with its highest point 300 metres (980 ft) above sea level (asl) and an average plateau height of 280 metres (920 ft) asl. It is the site of the Tasman Island Lighthouse and weather station, which has been automated since 1976 and unstaffed since 1977.[1][2]

Flora and fauna

Plants

The island was once thickly forested. The forest has largely disappeared as a result of cutting the trees for firewood and of intense fires.[2] When the lighthouse was staffed the keepers kept livestock, including cattle, sheep and draught horses, and maintained grassland for their grazing. Areas of grassland remain along with other vegetation communities of heathy scrub, regenerating scrub, sheoak woodland, sedgeland and coastal mosaic. An important plant present is the rare Cape Pillar Sheoak (Allocasuarina crassa).[3][4]

Birds

Tasman Island is a very important breeding site for fairy prions, with an estimated 300,000-700,000 pairs, making it the largest such colony in Tasmania, and possibly in Australia. It has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports over 1% of the world population of the species.[5] Other recorded breeding seabird species are little penguin (now extinct there as a breeding species), short-tailed shearwater and sooty shearwater. The swamp harrier has also bred on the island.[1][3]

The breeding seabirds were preyed on by a feral cat population estimated at 50, feeding mainly on fairy prions and taking about 50,000 birds annually. The cats were eradicated by a baiting, trapping and hunting program carried out in May 2010.[6][3][7]

Other animals

Australian and New Zealand fur seals use the rocky shore as a haul-out site, and the latter species has bred there in small numbers. Humpback whales pass through the surrounding waters. Reptiles recorded from the island include the metallic skink, White's skink, spotted skink and she-oak skink. A notable invertebrate, so far recorded only from Tasman Island, is the cricket Tasmanoplectron isolatum.[1][3]

Climate

Climate data for Tasman Island Lighthouse
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9) 		36.1
(97.0) 		29.4
(84.9) 		27.8
(82.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		32.8
(91.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		36.1
(97.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5) 		17.6
(63.7) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.7
(58.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		10.2
(50.4) 		10.2
(50.4) 		11.4
(52.5) 		12.6
(54.7) 		13.3
(55.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		13.4
(56.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.3
(50.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		10.8
(51.4) 		9.4
(48.9) 		7.7
(45.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		5.8
(42.4) 		5.7
(42.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		6.8
(44.2) 		7.8
(46.0) 		9.0
(48.2) 		8.1
(46.6)
Record low °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2) 		4.0
(39.2) 		1.1
(34.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		1.7
(35.1) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		1.6
(34.9) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−1.1
(30.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 64.3
(2.53) 		66.7
(2.63) 		68.0
(2.68) 		75.2
(2.96) 		86.4
(3.40) 		87.1
(3.43) 		84.8
(3.34) 		80.7
(3.18) 		59.2
(2.33) 		80.5
(3.17) 		71.9
(2.83) 		85.7
(3.37) 		909.9
(35.82)
Average precipitation days 13.7 12.8 14.6 17.1 18.6 18.9 19.7 19.6 18.0 18.7 17.7 16.1 205.5
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[8]
Climate data for Tasman Island
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.7
(99.9) 		35.1
(95.2) 		32.8
(91.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		21.0
(69.8) 		17.9
(64.2) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		25.2
(77.4) 		30.5
(86.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.1
(88.0) 		37.7
(99.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 18.0
(64.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.1
(62.8) 		14.9
(58.8) 		13.2
(55.8) 		11.4
(52.5) 		10.9
(51.6) 		11.4
(52.5) 		12.7
(54.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.2
(59.4) 		16.6
(61.9) 		14.4
(57.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 11.4
(52.5) 		11.8
(53.2) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.8
(49.6) 		8.5
(47.3) 		7.4
(45.3) 		6.7
(44.1) 		6.5
(43.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		7.5
(45.5) 		8.9
(48.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		8.9
(48.0)
Record low °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		4.2
(39.6) 		4.4
(39.9) 		3.5
(38.3) 		1.1
(34.0) 		1.2
(34.2) 		1.1
(34.0) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		0.6
(33.1) 		1.5
(34.7) 		1.9
(35.4) 		3.4
(38.1) 		−0.2
(31.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 72.7
(2.86) 		46.7
(1.84) 		68.8
(2.71) 		67.4
(2.65) 		73.8
(2.91) 		66.7
(2.63) 		71.6
(2.82) 		77.0
(3.03) 		82.6
(3.25) 		61.1
(2.41) 		59.9
(2.36) 		59.6
(2.35) 		799.6
(31.48)
Average precipitation days 13.5 12.5 15.8 17.5 18.2 17.6 18.4 19.9 17.1 18.1 16.2 15.1 199.9
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[9]
  • Showing lighthouse and keepers' cottages.
    Showing lighthouse and keepers' cottages.
  • The island is a major breeding site for fairy prions.
    The island is a major breeding site for fairy prions.
  • The Tasman Island with the Tasman Peninsula in the background, ca. 1987.
    The Tasman Island with the Tasman Peninsula in the background, ca. 1987.
  • Tasman Island 2017
    Tasman Island 2017

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Brothers, Nigel; Pemberton, David; Pryor, Helen; Halley, Vanessa (2001). Tasmania's Offshore Islands: seabirds and other natural features. Hobart: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. ISBN 978-0-7246-4816-0.
  2. ^ a b "Tasman Island Lighthouse". Lighthouses of Tasmania. Lighthouses of Australia Inc.
  3. ^ a b c d Bryant, S.L.; and Shaw, J. (Eds). (2006). Tasman Island: 2005 flora and fauna survey. Hamish Saunders Memorial Trust, New Zealand and Biodiversity Conservation Branch, DPIW, Hobart, Nature Conservation Report Series 06/01. ISBN 9780724664276 [1]
  4. ^ "Allocasuarina crassa" (PDF). Threatened Flora of Tasmania. Department of Primary Industries and Water, Tasmania. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  5. ^ "IBA: Tasman Island". Birdata. Birds Australia. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  6. ^ "Feral cats eradicated from Tasman Island". News release. Parks and Wildlife, Tasmania. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  7. ^ Restoring the Natural Values of Tasman Island
  8. ^ "Climate Statistics for Tasman Island Lighthouse". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  9. ^ "Climate Statistics for Tasman Island". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 23 April 2016.