Dame Tariana TuriaDNZM (née Woon; 8 April 1944 – 3 January 2025) was a New Zealand Māori rights activist and politician. She was first elected to Parliament in 1996 as a representative of the Labour Party. She won the Te Tai Hauāuru electorate in 2002 and broke from Labour in 2004, resigning from Parliament during the foreshore and seabed controversy. Turia returned to Parliament in the resulting by-election as the first representative of the newly formed Māori Party, which she led for the next decade.
Turia held ministerial offices across two governments. From 1999 to 2004 she was a junior minister in the health, housing and social development portfolios and the Minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector in the Fifth Labour Government. In the Fifth National Government, she was Minister for Whānau Ora, a health programme she initiated under a confidence and supply agreement between the National and Māori parties, and Minister for Disability Issues. Turia retired as Māori Party co-leader and a member of Parliament at the general election in September 2014.
Before entering politics, she had considerable involvement with a number of Māori organisations, working with Te Puni Kōkiri (the Ministry of Māori Development) and a number of Māori health providers, including Te Oranganui Iwi Health Authority where she was chief executive.[7] While Turia herself never learned to speak te reo Māori,[6] she promoted language revitalisation through the kura kaupapa and kohanga reo movements. With her husband, she led a marae-based skills and employment training programme.[8] In 1995, she was a leader of the 79-day iwi occupation of Moutoa Gardens in Whanganui, which protested unresolved issues from the European colonisation of the area.[8][9] One of her sons was jailed during the protest for beheading a statue of John Ballance.[4] Later that year, she unsuccessfully contested election to the Whanganui District Council.[6]
Turia was a member of Parliament for the Labour Party from 12 October 1996 until her resignation on 17 May 2005. She was first elected as a list MP in the 1996 general election, ranked 20th on the party list. Her selection as a Labour candidate was controversial. She had only joined the party shortly before her selection as a candidate, although she had been asked to stand in the past.[10][11] Her personal politics were decried by New Zealand First leader Winston Peters, who described her as a "Māori separatist".[12] The Evening Post described her as a "young radical" (Turia was then 52 years old) and as seeing herself accountable to Māori ahead of the party.[10][13] Labour's policies on Māori advancement at that election revolved around delivering targeted social services funding to Māori through the mainstream system. Turia later described Labour leader Helen Clark's campaign opening speech as "not too much out of kilter" with her own views.[14]
In her first term, Turia was appointed Labour's spokesperson on Māori health and youth issues and sat on the Māori affairs committee. When swearing her oath of allegiance in Parliament, Turia swore allegiance to the Treaty of Waitangi rather than the Queen.[15] In her maiden statement on 26 February 1997, she acknowledged Labour's defeated Māori electorate candidates Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan, Peter Tapsell, Koro Wētere and Matiu Rata and asserted the following statement on tino rangatiratanga (Māori self-determination):[16]
The Declaration of Independence is an international declaration that recognises the sovereignty of the independent tribes of Aotearoa. It was the forerunner to the Treaty of Waitangi, and it has a flag to symbolise tribal rights to trade as independent nations, which has been ignored for years by successive New Zealand Governments and never been acknowledged as an important part of our history by the education system.
The Treaty of Waitangi was a declaration of traditional Māori rights of absolute authority over Aotearoa, reaffirming the conditions set out in the Declaration of Independence. The treaty document is a statement of this concession and forms the fundamental constitutional basis of our nation. It is the document that cements our relationships by guaranteeing tauiwi rights to be in this country and to have governance over yourselves, and acknowledges tangata whenua rights to our rangatiratanga as independent tribal peoples... Each tribe is a sovereign people in its own right.
She also described non-Māori New Zealanders as "tauiwi" (foreigners). Of that speech, the Dominion newspaper wrote "Parliament's real radical stands up... and declined to tiptoe around Pakeha sensitivities."[17]United New Zealand party leader Peter Dunne (also a former Labour MP) responded in The Evening Post the following month by saying Turia's "backward-looking negativism is driving a wedge between New Zealanders, regardless of their ethnic origin, and it is time it ceased."[18] He complained to the Race Relations Conciliator. Turia received more criticism for her views when she said in 1997 that the Treaty of Waitangi was more important than the Ten Commandments.[19] She also clashed with some long-serving MPs in her party, including Mike Moore, over their different approaches to Māori development.[4] Turia's outspokenness, the Dominion wrote, was a hindrance to Labour's bid to reclaim office at the next election because her actions "fed suspicions that an unacceptable radicalism persists in the party."[20] New parties centring on Māori interests formed after the breakup of the National–New Zealand First coalition government, but Turia remained with Labour.
After losing selection in the Te Tai Hauāuru electorate to her colleague Nanaia Mahuta,[21] Turia was re-elected as a Labour list MP in the 1999 election (ranked 16th). Mahuta changed electorates for the 2002 election; Turia won selection and the seat. From December 1999, she was a minister outside of Cabinet in the Fifth Labour Government. In the government's first term, she was an associate minister in the health, housing, Māori affairs, and social services portfolios. Early in her time as a minister, Turia was warned by prime minister Helen Clark about opinions she voiced on the "holocaust" caused to Māori by colonisation and apologised in Parliament for her statements.[22][23][24] While she did not lose her ministerial positions, The New Zealand Herald reported that Turia offered her resignation over the scandal.[25] In a subsequent speech, she set out her view that "self-governance, as being the choice of self-determination, for me means the right to participate in and control the processes through which decisions that affect our lives are made."[26] Turia championed partnership with and devolution to mana whenua in the delivery of State health and education services, but was not always successful.[27][28]
In November 2000, Turia was additionally appointed as an associate minister in the corrections portfolio. The following year she attracted controversy when she advocated for prisoners known to her to have special treatment including the cancellation of a transfer, other transfers to be closer to family, a review of an inmate's security rating, and for charges to be downgraded.[29][30] She was also scrutinised for a telephone call she made to the chief judge of the Māori Land Court about a case involving one of her iwi.[31] A twelfth case of alleged interference in prison operations was reported in early 2002. After the July 2002 general election, Turia was not reappointed in the corrections portfolio (she retained her responsibilities in health, housing, social services and Māori affairs); her spokesperson said she had offered to "give up" the corrections role in order to continue to advocate on behalf of her constituents.[32] Instead, she became Minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector. She launched the Office for the Community and Voluntary Sector in September 2003.[33]
When debate about ownership of New Zealand's foreshore and seabed broke out in 2003, and the Labour Party proposed vesting ownership in the state, Turia voiced dissatisfaction. Along with many of her supporters in Te Tai Hauāuru, she claimed that Labour's proposal amounted to an outright confiscation of Māori land. When it became publicly known that Turia might vote against Labour's bill in parliament, tensions between Turia and the Labour Party's leadership increased. The hierarchy strongly implied that if Turia did not support Labour policy, she could not retain her ministerial roles. On 30 April 2004, after a considerable period of confusion about Turia's intentions, she announced that she would resign from the Labour Party and from parliament on 17 May. Clark removed her from her ministerial roles the same day.[34][35]
Māori Party
Turia's resignation from Parliament precipitated a by-election being called in Te Tai Hauāuru, which Turia contested as a member of the new Māori Party that formed around her. Her supporters saw Turia as having bravely defied her party in order to stand up for her principles. The Labour Party criticised Turia for putting the foreshore and seabed issue before the party's wider policies for Māori development, and said that she unreasonably focused on a single issue. Helen Clark said that Turia showed "an astonishing lack of perspective".[35] Turia described the Te Tai Hauāuru by-election of 10 July 2004 as a chance to test her mandate, and to ensure that she had the support of her voters, but doubts remained about the significance of the by-election, since none of the major parties put forward candidates. Labour called the event "a waste of time and money", although the by-election was required because electoral integrity legislation of the time prevented her resining from Labour and remaining in Parliament as an indpendent.[36] Turia received 92.74% of the vote in the by-election,[37] and resumed her seat in Parliament on 27 July 2004.[38][39]
On 17 September 2005, the Māori Party contested the general election with electoral candidates in all seven of the Māori seats. Turia was re-elected in Te Tai Hauāuru and that night three more Māori Party candidates won parliamentary seats: Pita Sharples (co-leader) in Tāmaki Makaurau, Hone Harawira in Te Tai Tokerau and Te Ururoa Flavell in Waiariki. The winning of the four seats resulted in celebration for their supporters who anticipated seeing an independent, Māori voice in parliament. However, the Māori Party share of the party vote across the country was 2.1 percent, placing them sixth out of the eight parties in parliament by party vote. This was attributed to voters in the Māori electorates mainly giving their party vote to the incumbent Labour government.
2008 general election and ministerial posts
Support for the Māori Party in the 2008 general election increased with the party gaining an additional seat.[40]National won most seats overall, to form a minority government with support from the Māori Party as well as ACT New Zealand and United Future. In return for Māori Party support in confidence and supply, John Key agreed to not abolish the Māori seats without the consent of Māori.[41] It was also agreed to review the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 and to consider Māori representation in a wider constitutional review which began in 2010.[42] Turia and co-leader Sharples were both made Ministers, although like other support party members both remained outside Cabinet. Turia was given the portfolios of Minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector, Associate Minister of Health and Associate Minister for Social Development and Employment, while Sharples was made Minister of Māori Affairs.[43]
Turia speaking in 2011
When Paula Bennett stepped down as Minister for Disability Issues on 30 June 2009, Key appointed Turia the new minister.[44] In 2010, the National and Māori Parties announced Whānau Ora, a taskforce designed to streamline social service resources. Turia was announced Minister responsible for the implementing of the scheme.[45]
On 7 April 2011, during the term of the 49th New Zealand Parliament, the composition of the Abortion Supervisory Committee was debated. Turia moved that an anti-abortion Pacific Island doctor, Ate Moala, be appointed to the ASC. The vote was lost 67–31 against, with twenty four absences or abstentions.[46]
Turia confirmed in November 2013 that she would retire at the 2014 election.[47]
Following the 2023 New Zealand general election, Turia expressed support for the incoming Sixth National Government's plan to scrap Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority). She opined that she would rather see funding being given directly to whānau (families), iwi (tribes), hapū (sub-tribes) to allow them to manage their own health needs. While Turia praised John Key and Bill English for the Fifth National Government's progress on Māori health, she criticised the outgoing Labour Government for allegedly not taking "into account the differences in the way people view things".[51]
Personal life and death
On 10 November 1962, Turia wed George Turia at Rātana Pā,[52] and they remained married until George's death in 2019.[53] They had four children and two whāngai.[54]
Turia died at Whangaehu Marae, Whangaehu, on 3 January 2025, at the age of 80, after suffering a stroke.[55] That afternoon, her body was taken to lie at Pākaitore, before being carried by waka on the Whanganui River to Pūtiki Marae, and then returned to Whangaehu Marae.[56]
In the 2015 New Year Honours, Turia was appointed a Dame Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services as a Member of Parliament.[57] Her investiture, by the governor-general, Dame Patsy Reddy, took place at Pūtiki Marae on 13 August 2018.[58] Also in 2018, Turia received the Blake Medal at the annual Sir Peter Blake Leadership Awards.[59] In 2023, Turia was conferred an honorary doctorate in Māori development by Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi, in recognition of her "continuing dedication and service to her iwi, to Māori and to the community in a career that has been distinguished by unprecedented firsts
over the last five decades".[53]
^"New Year honours list 2015". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 31 December 2014. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
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