Syzygium
Genus of plants
Syzygium
Syzygium malaccense
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade :
Tracheophytes
Clade :
Angiosperms
Clade :
Eudicots
Clade :
Rosids
Order:
Myrtales
Family:
Myrtaceae
Subfamily:
Myrtoideae
Tribe:
Syzygieae
Genus:
Syzygium P. Browne ex Gaertn. [1]
Species
About 1100; see List of Syzygium species
Synonyms [2]
Acicalyptus A. Gray
Acmena DC.
Acmenosperma Kausel
Anetholea Peter G. Wilson
Aphanomyrtus Miq.
Bostrychode (Miq.) O. Berg in C. F. P. von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.)
Caryophyllus L.
Cerocarpus Colebr. ex Hassk.
Cetra Noronha
Clavimyrtus Blume
Cleistocalyx Blume
Cupheanthus Seem.
Gaslondia Vieill.
Gelpkea Blume
Jambolifera Houtt.
Jambos Adans.
Jambosa DC. nom. illeg.
Leptomyrtus (Miq.) O. Berg in C. F. P. von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.)
Lomastelma Raf.
Macromyrtus Miq.
Macropsidium Blume
Malidra Raf.
Microjambosa Blume
Myrthoides Wolf
Opa Lour.
Pareugenia Turrill
Piliocalyx Brongn. & Gris
Pseudoeugenia Scort.
Strongylocalyx Blume
Syllisium Endl.
Syllysium Meyen & Schauer
Tetraeugenia Merr.
Waterhousea B.Hyland
Xenodendron K.Schum. & Lauterb.
Syzygium paniculatum (magenta lilly pilly)
Syzygium samarangense , with a cross section of the fruit
Syzygium ()[3] is a genus of flowering plants that belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae . The genus comprises about 1200 species,[4] [5] [6] and has a native range that extends from Africa and Madagascar through southern Asia east through the Pacific .[7] Its highest levels of diversity occur from Malaysia to northeastern Australia , where many species are very poorly known and many more have not been described taxonomically. One indication of this diversity is in leaf size, ranging from as little as a half inch (one cm) to as great as 4 ft 11 inches (1.5 meters) by sixteen inches (38 centimeters) in Syzygium acre of New Caledonia.[8]
Most species are evergreen trees and shrubs . Several species are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruits called roseapples that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies. The most economically important species, however, is the clove Syzygium aromaticum , of which the unopened flower buds are an important spice . Some of the edible species of Syzygium are planted throughout the tropics worldwide, and several have become invasive species in some island ecosystems. Fifty-two species are found in Australia and are generally known as lillipillies , brush cherries or satinash .[9]
At times Syzygium was confused taxonomically with the genus Eugenia (c. 1000 species), but the latter genus has its highest specific diversity in the neotropics . Many species formerly classed as Eugenia are now included in the genus Syzygium , although the former name may persist in horticulture.[9] The Syzygium Working Group, an international group of researchers, formed in April 2016 with the aim to produce a monograph of Syzygium .[6]
The term comes from the Greek word syzygia , meaning "joining together or conjunction".[10] [11]
Species
An Australian rainforest Syzygium exhibits cauliflory .
Syzygium cumini in Kohat Pakistan
Selected species include:[4]
Syzygium acre (Pancher ex Guillaumin) J.W.Dawson
Syzygium alliiligneum – onionwood (Queensland )
Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp.
Syzygium ampliflorum (Koord. & Valeton) Amshoff
Syzygium amplifolium
Syzygium andamanicum
Syzygium anisatum
Syzygium angophoroides
Syzygium anisosepalum
Syzygium antisepticum – shore eugenia
Syzygium apodophyllum (F.Muell.) B.Hyland - endemic to Queensland, Australia
Syzygium aqueum – water apple , bell fruit, water cherry, watery rose apple
Syzygium aromaticum – clove
Syzygium australe – brush cherry (Australia)
Syzygium beddomei
Syzygium bourdillonii
Syzygium canicortex – yellow satinash (Queensland )
Syzygium caryophyllatum (type species)
Syzygium chavaran
Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb. ) Wall. ex Steud. – Australia, New Guinea, Southeast Asia, China, India
Syzygium conglomeratum
Syzygium contractum
Syzygium cordatum – Hute, waterbessie, undoni, water berry, umSwi
Syzygium cordifolium
Syzygium cormiflorum – Bumpy satinash
Syzygium corynanthum – Sour cherry
Syzygium courtallense
Syzygium crebrinerve – Purple cherry, black water gum
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels – Jambul , Jambolan , Black plum, Duhat plum, Jambolan plum
Syzygium curranii - Lipote
Syzygium densiflorum
Syzygium diffusum
Syzygium discophorum
Syzygium duthieanum
Syzygium dyerianum
Syzygium elegans
Syzygium erythrocalyx – Johnstone River satinash, Red Bud satinash
Syzygium eucalyptoides
Syzygium fibrosum – Fibrous satinash
Syzygium fijiense
Syzygium floribundum F.Muell.
Syzygium flosculiferum
Syzygium forte – White Apple
Syzygium formosanum – Native to Taiwan
Syzygium francisii – Giant water gum, rose satinash
Syzygium fullagarii (Lord Howe Island )
Syzygium glaucum
Syzygium goodenovii (King) Masam.
Syzygium graeme-andersoniae
Syzygium grande – Sea apple
Syzygium guehoi
Syzygium guineense – Waterberry
Syzygium gustavioides – Grey satinash
Syzygium hemisphericum (Wight) Alston
Syzygium hodgkinsoniae – Red lilly pilly, smooth-barked rose apple (Australia )
Syzygium ingens (F.Muell. ex C.Moore) Craven & Biffin
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston – Roseapple, Malabar plum, plum rose, rose apple, water apple
Syzygium jasminifolium
Syzygium kemamanense
Syzygium kiahii
Syzygium koordersianum
Syzygium kuranda – Kuranda satinash
Syzygium leucoxylon
Syzygium luehmannii – Riberry , cherry satinash
Syzygium maingayi
Syzygium maire (A.Cunn.) Sykes & Garn.-Jones
Syzygium makul Gaertn.
Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry – Malay Apple , Malacca apple , Malay rose apple, mountain apple, Otaheite cashew, rose apple, water apple
Syzygium manii (King) N.P.Balakr.
Syzygium micranthum
Syzygium microphyllum (Syzygium gambleanum is an illegitimate synonym)
Syzygium minus
Syzygium mishmiense Chatterjee
Syzygium monimioides
Syzygium moorei – Coolamon, durobby
Syzygium myhendrae
Syzygium neesianum
Syzygium nemestrinum
Syzygium nervosum
Syzygium occidentale
Syzygium oleosum – Blue lilly pilly
Syzygium oliganthum
Syzygium oreophilum
Syzygium palghatense
Syzygium paniculatum – Magenta lillypilly, magenta cherry (Australia)
Syzygium parameswaranii
Syzygium patentinerve (endemic to Savai'i & Upolu islands in Samoa )[12]
Syzygium papyraceum – Paperbark satinash (Australia )
Syzygium pauper
Syzygium pendens
Syzygium perakense , now accepted as synonym for Syzygium formosum
Syzygium pergamentaceum
Syzygium phaeophyllum
Syzygium politum
Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. – Indian bay leaf, Indonesian bay leaf, Salam leaf, daun salam, Indonesian laurel
Syzygium polycephaloides - Lipote
Syzygium pondoense
Syzygium praineanum
Syzygium pseudofastigiatum (Australia )
Syzygium purpureum
Syzygium quadribracteatum
Syzygium ramavarmae , now accepted as Syzygium rama-varmae
Syzygium revolutum
Syzygium ridleyi (King) Chantar. & J.Parn.
Syzygium ripicola (Craib) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium rotundifolium Arn.
Syzygium salicifolium (Wight) J.Graham
Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L. M. Perry – Java apple , makopa , Java rose apple, Samarang rose apple, water apple, wax jambu, wax apple
Syzygium samoense (Burkill) Whistler
Syzygium sandwicensis (A.Gray) Nied. – ʻŌhiʻa ha[13]
Syzygium scortechinii (King) Chantar. & J.Parn.
Syzygium seemannianum Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium simile - Malaruhat
Syzygium smithii
Syzygium spathulatum Thwaites
Syzygium stapfianum (King) I.M.Turner
Syzygium staudtii (Engl.) Mildbr.
Syzygium stocksii (Duthie) Gamble
Syzygium suborbiculare – lady apple
Syzygium symingtonianum (M.R.Hend.) I.M.Turner
Syzygium tahanense (Ridl.) I.M.Turner
Syzygium thompsonii (Merr.) N.Snow - Atoto (Guam, Rota, Saipan)
Syzygium travancoricum , now accepted as a synonym of Syzygium stocksii
Syzygium turbinatum Alston
Syzygium umbrosum Thwaites
Syzygium utilis (Talbot) Rathakr. & N.C.Nair
Syzygium variolosum (King) Chantar. & J.Parn.
Syzygium wesa B.Hyland
Syzygium wolfii (Gillespie) Merr. & L.M.Perry
Syzygium wrayi (King) I.M.Turner
Syzygium wrightii (Baker) A.J.Scott
Syzygium xerampelinum B.Hyland
Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.
Returned to this genus
Cleistocalyx operculatus has recently been returned to this genus, becoming a synonym for Syzygium nervosum [14]
References
^ "Genus: Syzygium P. Browne ex Gaertn" . Germplasm Resources Information Network . United States Department of Agriculture. 2021-01-30. Retrieved 2021-02-12 .
^ "WCSP" . World Checklist of Selected Plant Families . Retrieved March 8, 2014 .
^ "syzygium" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press . (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
^ a b "Syzygium Gaertn" . Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 February 2021 .
^ Jie Chen and Lyn A. Craven, "Syzygium P. Browne ex Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 166. 1788" , Flora of China Online , vol. 13, retrieved 3 May 2015
^ a b Ahmad, Berhaman; Baider, Cláudia; Bernardini, Benedetta; Biffin, Edward; Brambach, Fabian; Burslem, David; Byng, James W.; Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Florens, F.B. Vincent; Lucas, Eve J.; Ray, Avik; Ray, Rajasri; Smets, Erik; Snow, Neil W.; Strijk, Joeri S.; Wilson, Peter G. (2016). "Syzygium (Myrtaceae): Monographing a taxonomic giant via 22 coordinated regional revisions" (PDF) . PeerJ Preprints . doi :10.7287/peerj.preprints.1930v1 . Retrieved 6 April 2016 .
^ Tuiwawa, S.H.; Craven, L.A.; Sam, C.; Crisp, M.D. (23 August 2013). "The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu" . Blumea . 58 : 53–67. doi :10.3767/000651913x672271 .
^ Flore de la Novelle Caladonie, Volume 23 pages 44-45
^ a b Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray A. (2003). Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.). Australia: Reed New Holland. p. 696. ISBN 1876334908 .
^ "Definition of SYZYGIUM" . www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 2023-03-24 .
^ "ONLINE LATIN DICTIONARY - Latin - English" . www.online-latin-dictionary.com . Retrieved 2023-03-24 .
^ Whistler, W. Arthur (1978). "Vegetation of the Montane Region of Savai'i, Western Samoa" (PDF) . Pacific Science . 32 (1). The University Press of Hawai'i: 90. Retrieved 10 July 2010 .
^ Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). " 'Ōhi'a ha" (PDF) . United States Forest Service .
^ "Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. & L.M.Perry" . Plants of the World Online (POWO) . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 February 2021 .
Further reading
External links