Syngonosaurus

Syngonosaurus Temporal range: late Albian ~105–100 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Vertebra of S. macrocercus as seen from two different angles
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Dinosauria
Clade:	†Ornithischia
Clade:	†Neornithischia
Clade:	†Ornithopoda
Clade:	†Iguanodontia
Genus:	†Syngonosaurus Seeley, 1879
Species:	†S. macrocercus
Binomial name
†Syngonosaurus macrocercus Seeley, 1879
Synonyms
Acanthopholis macrocercus Seeley, 1869 Anoplosaurus macrocercus Kuhn, 1964 Sygmosaurus (sic) Sygnosaurus (sic)

Syngonosaurus is an extinct genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous. It was an iguanodontian discovered in the Cambridge Greensand of England^[1] and was first described in 1879. The type species, S. macrocercus, was described by British paleontologist Harry Seeley in 1879^[2] and it was later synonymised with Acanthopholis, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.^[3]

Discovery and naming

Sacral vertebra of A. macrocercus as seen from two different angles^[2]

In 1869 Harry Govier Seeley named several new species of Acanthopholis based on remains from the Cambridge Greensand, including A. macrocercus, based on specimens CAMSM B55570-55609.^[4]

In 1879 Seeley named the genus Syngonosaurus based on part of the type material of Acanthopholis macrocercus.^[2]

In 1999 Xabier Pereda-Superbiola and Paul M. Barrett reviewed all Acanthopholis material. They concluded that all species were nomina dubia whose syntype specimens were composites of non-diagnostic ankylosaur and ornithopod remains; including Syngonosaurus.^[5]

Syngonosaurus was synonymised with Acanthopholis in 1999, but the genus was reinstated in a 2020 study, when Syngonosaurus and Eucercosaurus were reinterpreted as basal iguanodontians.^[3]

Classification

Syngonosaurus was seen as an ankylosaur in both a 2001 publication^[1] and a 2004 publication.^[6] In 2020, Syngonosaurus was classified into Iguanodontia.^[3]

References

1. Carpenter, Kenneth (2001). "Phylogenetic Analysis of Ankylosauria". In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.). The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press. pp. 455–480. ISBN 0-253-33964-2.
2. Seeley, H.G. (1879). "On the Dinosauria of the Cambridge Greensand". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 35 (1–4): 591–636. doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.42. ISSN 0370-291X. S2CID 129277596.
3. Barrett, Paul M.; Bonsor, Joseph A. (2020). "A revision of the non-avian dinosaurs Eucercosaurus tanyspondylus and Syngonosaurus macrocercus from the Cambridge Greensand, UK". Cretaceous Research. 118: 104638. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104638. S2CID 225289654.
4. Seeley, H.G. (1871). "XXXVII.— On Acanthopholis platypus (Seeley), a Pachypod from the Cambridge Upper Greensand". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (47): 305–318. doi:10.1080/00222937108696494. ISSN 0374-5481.
5. Superbiola, X.P.; Barrett, P.M. (1999). "A systematic review of ankylosaurian dinosaur remains from the Albian-Cenomanian of England". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 60: 177–208.
6. M. K. Vickaryous, T. Maryanska, and D. B. Weishampel. 2004. Ankylosauria. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (eds.), The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley 363-392