Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Swimming at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad
Pictograms for Swimming (left) and Marathon Swimming (right)
Venue	Olympic Aquatics Stadium (pool) Fort Copacabana (open water)
Dates	6–13 August 2016 15–16 August (Marathon)
No. of events	34
Competitors	955 from 174 nations

The swimming competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 6 to 13 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.^[1] The women's open-water marathon was held on August 15, and the men's open water race on August 16 in Fort Copacabana.^[2]

Open water quality

The location for open-water events was a source of concern for athletes since scientists have found microbes in the waters off of Fort Copacabana and drug-resistant super bacteria off the beaches of Rio de Janeiro in 2014 and 2016 studies due to the daily dumping of hospital waste and household raw sewage into the rivers and ocean. Ten percent of the Copacabana water test samples contained drug-resistant super bacteria.^[3][4] However, during the races the water quality was good.^[5][6]

Events

Interior view of the Olympic Aquatics Stadium, the temporary venue used for swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics.

Similar to the program's format in 2012, swimming features a total of 34 events (17 each for men and women), including two 10 km open-water marathons. The following events were contested (all pool events are long course, and distances are in metres unless stated):

• Freestyle: 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 (women), and 1,500 (men);
• Backstroke: 100 and 200;
• Breaststroke: 100 and 200;
• Butterfly: 100 and 200;
• Individual medley: 200 and 400;
• Relays: 4 × 100 free, 4 × 200 free; 4 × 100 medley
• Marathon: 10 kilometres

Schedule

Similar to previous Olympics since 2000, with the exception of 2008, the swimming program schedule occurred in two segments. For the pool events, prelims are held in the afternoon, followed by the semifinals and final in the evening and the night session (due to the substantial fees NBC has paid for rights to the Olympics, the IOC has allowed NBC to have influence on event scheduling to maximize U.S. television ratings when possible; NBC agreed to a $7.75 billion contract extension on May 7, 2014, to air the Olympics through the 2032 games^[7] and is also one of the major sources of revenue for the IOC).^[8][9] The dates in the table are for August.

Legend

H

Heats

½

Semi-finals

F

Final

A = Afternoon session, starting at 13:00 local time (16:00 UTC).
N = Night session, starting at 22:00 local time (01:00 UTC the next day).

Men^[10]

Date →	Aug 6		Aug 7		Aug 8		Aug 9		Aug 10		Aug 11		Aug 12		Aug 13		Aug 16
Event ↓	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N
50 m freestyle											H	½		F
100 m freestyle							H	½		F
200 m freestyle			H	½		F
400 m freestyle	H	F
1500 m freestyle													H			F
100 m backstroke			H	½		F
200 m backstroke									H	½		F
100 m breaststroke	H	½		F
200 m breaststroke							H	½		F
100 m butterfly											H	½		F
200 m butterfly					H	½		F
200 m individual medley									H	½		F
400 m individual medley	H	F
4 × 100 m freestyle relay			H	F
4 × 200 m freestyle relay							H	F
4 × 100 m medley relay													H			F
10 km open water																	F

Women^[10]

Date →	Aug 6		Aug 7		Aug 8		Aug 9		Aug 10		Aug 11		Aug 12		Aug 13		Aug 15
Event ↓	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N	A	N
50 m freestyle													H	½		F
100 m freestyle									H	½		F
200 m freestyle					H	½		F
400 m freestyle			H	F
800 m freestyle											H			F
100 m backstroke			H	½		F
200 m backstroke											H	½		F
100 m breaststroke			H	½		F
200 m breaststroke									H	½		F
100 m butterfly	H	½		F
200 m butterfly							H	½		F
200 m individual medley					H	½		F
400 m individual medley	H	F
4 × 100 m freestyle relay	H	F
4 × 200 m freestyle relay									H	F
4 × 100 m medley relay													H			F
10 km open water																	F

Qualification

Main article: Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Qualification

FINA By-Law BL 9.3.6.4 (swimming) and BL 9.3.7.5.3 (open water) laid out the qualification procedures for the "Swimming" competition at the Olympics.^[11] Each country is allowed to enter up to two swimmers per individual event (provided they qualify), and one entry per relay; and a country may not have more than 26 males and 26 females (52 total) on its team.

Swimming – individual events

On January 15, 2015, FINA posted the qualifying times for individual events for the 2016 Summer Olympics.^[12] The time standards consisted of two types: an "Olympic Qualifying Time" (OQT) and an "Olympic Selection time" (OST). Each country was able to enter up to two swimmers per event, provided both swimmers met the (faster) qualifying time. A country was able to enter one swimmer per event that met the invitation standard. Any swimmer who met the "qualifying" time was entered in the event for the Games; a swimmer meeting the "invitation" standard was eligible for entry, and their entry was allotted/filled in by ranking.^[12][13]

If a country had had no swimmers who meet either qualifying standard, it may have entered one male and one female. A country that did not receive an allocation spot but had at least one swimmer who met a qualifying standard might have enter the swimmer with the highest ranking.^[13]

Swimming – relay events

Each relay event features 16 teams, composed of:

• 12: the top-12 finishers at the 2015 World Championships in each relay event.^[13]
• 4: the 4 fastest non-qualified teams, based on times in the 15-months preceding the Olympics.^[13]

Open-water swimming

The men's and women's 10 km races at the 2016 Summer Olympics featured 25 swimmers:^[14]

• 10: the top-10 finishers in the 10 km races at the 2015 World Championships
• 9: the top-9 finishers at the 2016 Olympic Marathon Swim Qualifier (June 11–12, 2016 in Setúbal, Portugal)^[15]
• 5: one representative from each FINA continent (Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania). (These have been selected based on the finishes at the qualifying race in Setúbal.)
• 1: from the host nation (Brazil) if not qualified by other means. If Brazil already contained a qualifier in the race, this spot had been allocated back into the general pool from the 2016 Olympic qualifier race.

Participation

Participating nations

Brazil, as the host country, receives guaranteed quota place in case it would not qualify any qualification places.

•  Albania (2)
•  Algeria (1)
•  Andorra (2)
•  Angola (2)
•  Antigua and Barbuda (2)
•  Argentina (5)
•  Armenia (2)
•  Aruba (2)
•  Australia (39)
•  Austria (6)
•  Azerbaijan (2)
•  Bahamas (3)
•  Bahrain (1)
•  Bangladesh (2)
•  Barbados (2)
•  Belgium (10)
•  Benin (2)
•  Belarus (8)
•  Bermuda (2)
•  Bolivia (2)
•  Bosnia and Herzegovina (2)
•  Botswana (2)
•  Brazil (36)
•  British Virgin Islands (1)
•  Bulgaria (3)
•  Burkina Faso (2)
•  Burundi (2)
•  Cambodia (2)
•  Canada (30)
•  Cayman Islands (2)
•  Central African Republic (2)
•  Chile (2)
•  China (45)
•  Colombia (4)
•  Comoros (2)
•  Republic of the Congo (2)
•  Cook Islands (2)
•  Costa Rica (1)
•  Croatia (2)
•  Cuba (1)
•  Cyprus (2)
•  Czech Republic (8)
•  Denmark (15)
•  Djibouti (1)
•  Dominican Republic (2)
•  Ecuador (3)
•  Egypt (7)
•  El Salvador (2)
•  Estonia (2)
•  Ethiopia (2)
•  Fiji (2)
•  Finland (8)
•  France (30)
•  Gabon (1)
•  The Gambia (1)
•  Georgia (2)
•  Germany (29)
•  Great Britain (28)
•  Ghana (2)
•  Greece (15)
•  Grenada (2)
•  Guam (2)
•  Guinea (2)
•  Guatemala (2)
•  Guyana (2)
•  Haiti (2)
•  Honduras (2)
•  Hong Kong (7)
•  Hungary (35)
•  Iceland (3)
•  India (2)
•  Indonesia (2)
•  Iran (1)
•  Iraq (1)
•  Ireland (3)
•  Israel (7)
•  Italy (38)
•  Ivory Coast (2)
•  Jamaica (2)
•  Japan (36)
•  Jordan (2)
•  Kazakhstan (3)
•  Kenya (2)
•  Kosovo (2)
•  Independent Olympic Athletes (2)
•  Kyrgyzstan (2)
•  Laos (2)
•  Latvia (2)
•  Lebanon (2)
•  Libya (2)
•  Liechtenstein (2)
•  Lithuania (6)
•  Luxembourg (3)
•  Macedonia (2)
•  Madagascar (2)
•  Malaysia (3)
•  Malawi (2)
•  Maldives (2)
•  Mali (2)
•  Malta (2)
•  Marshall Islands (2)
•  Mauritius (2)
•  Mexico (3)
•  Federated States of Micronesia (2)
•  Moldova (2)
•  Mongolia (2)
•  Montenegro (2)
•  Morocco (2)
•  Mozambique (2)
•  Myanmar (1)
•  Netherlands (17)
•  Nepal (2)
•  New Zealand (9)
•  Nicaragua (2)
•  Niger (2)
•  Nigeria (2)
•  Norway (2)
•  Palau (2)
•  Palestine (2)
•  Pakistan (2)
•  Panama (2)
•  Papua New Guinea (1)
•  Paraguay (2)
•  Peru (2)
•  Philippines (2)
•  Poland (20)
•  Portugal (5)
•  Qatar (2)
•  Refugee Olympic Team (2)
•  Romania (6)
•  Puerto Rico (2)
•  Russia (36)
•  Rwanda (2)
•  Saint Lucia (1)
•  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (2)
•  Samoa (2)
•  Senegal (2)
•  Serbia (6)
•  Seychelles (2)
•  Sierra Leone (2)
•  Singapore (3)
•  Slovakia (3)
•  Slovenia (10)
•  South Africa (13)
•  South Korea (8)
•  Spain (24)
•  Sri Lanka (2)
•  Sweden (11)
•  Switzerland (8)
•  Sudan (2)
•  Suriname (2)
•  Syria (2)
•  Chinese Taipei (2)
•  Tajikistan (2)
•  Tanzania (2)
•  Thailand (2)
•  Togo (2)
•  Tonga (2)
•  Trinidad and Tobago (2)
•  Tunisia (2)
•  Turkey (4)
•  Turkmenistan (2)
•  Uganda (2)
•  Ukraine (7)
•  United Arab Emirates (2)
•  United States (47)
•  Uruguay (2)
•  Uzbekistan (2)
•  Venezuela (6)
•  Vietnam (2)
•  Virgin Islands (2)
•  Yemen (2)
•  Zambia (2)
•  Zimbabwe (2)

Medal summary

Medal table

  *   Host nation (Brazil)

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States	16	8	9	33
2	Australia	3	4	3	10
3	Hungary	3	2	2	7
4	Japan	2	2	3	7
5	Netherlands	2	0	0	2
6	Great Britain	1	5	0	6
7	China	1	2	3	6
8	Canada	1	1	4	6
9	Italy	1	1	2	4
10	Sweden	1	1	1	3
11	Denmark	1	0	1	2
	Spain	1	0	1	2
13	Kazakhstan	1	0	0	1
	Singapore	1	0	0	1
15	South Africa	0	3	0	3
16	Russia	0	2	2	4
17	France	0	2	1	3
18	Belgium	0	1	0	1
	Greece	0	1	0	1
20	Belarus	0	0	1	1
	Brazil*	0	0	1	1
Totals (21 entries)		35	35	34	104

Men's events

Games	Gold		Silver		Bronze
50 m freestyle details	Anthony Ervin  United States	21.40	Florent Manaudou  France	21.41	Nathan Adrian  United States	21.49
100 m freestyle details	Kyle Chalmers  Australia	47.58 WJ	Pieter Timmers  Belgium	47.80 NR	Nathan Adrian  United States	47.85
200 m freestyle details	Sun Yang  China	1:44.65	Chad le Clos  South Africa	1:45.20 AF	Conor Dwyer  United States	1:45.23
400 m freestyle details	Mack Horton  Australia	3:41.55	Sun Yang  China	3:41.68	Gabriele Detti  Italy	3:43.49
1500 m freestyle details	Gregorio Paltrinieri  Italy	14:34.57	Connor Jaeger  United States	14:39.48 AM	Gabriele Detti  Italy	14:40.86
100 m backstroke details	Ryan Murphy  United States	51.97 OR	Xu Jiayu  China	52.31	David Plummer  United States	52.40
200 m backstroke details	Ryan Murphy  United States	1:53.62	Mitch Larkin  Australia	1:53.96	Evgeny Rylov  Russia	1:53.97 ER
100 m breaststroke details	Adam Peaty  Great Britain	57.13 WR	Cameron van der Burgh  South Africa	58.69	Cody Miller  United States	58.87 AM
200 m breaststroke details	Dmitriy Balandin  Kazakhstan	2:07.46 NR	Josh Prenot  United States	2:07.53	Anton Chupkov  Russia	2:07.70 NR
100 m butterfly details	Joseph Schooling  Singapore	50.39 OR, AS	Michael Phelps  United States Chad le Clos  South Africa László Cseh  Hungary	51.14	Not awarded as there was a tie for silver.
200 m butterfly details	Michael Phelps  United States	1:53.36	Masato Sakai  Japan	1:53.40	Tamás Kenderesi  Hungary	1:53.62
200 m individual medley details	Michael Phelps  United States	1:54.66	Kosuke Hagino  Japan	1:56.61	Wang Shun  China	1:57.05
400 m individual medley details	Kosuke Hagino  Japan	4:06.05 AS	Chase Kalisz  United States	4:06.75	Daiya Seto  Japan	4:09.71
4 × 100 m freestyle relay details	United States (USA) Caeleb Dressel (48.10) Michael Phelps (47.12) Ryan Held (47.73) Nathan Adrian (46.97) Jimmy Feigen^[a] Blake Pieroni^[a] Anthony Ervin^[a]	3:09.92	France (FRA) Mehdy Metella (48.08) Fabien Gilot (48.20) Florent Manaudou (47.14) Jérémy Stravius (47.11) Clément Mignon^[a] William Meynard^[a]	3:10.53	Australia (AUS) James Roberts (48.88) Kyle Chalmers (47.38) James Magnussen (48.11) Cameron McEvoy (47.00) Matthew Abood^[a]	3:11.37
4 × 200 m freestyle relay details	United States (USA) Conor Dwyer (1:45.23) Townley Haas (1:44.14) Ryan Lochte (1:46.03) Michael Phelps (1:45.26) Clark Smith^[a] Jack Conger^[a] Gunnar Bentz^[a]	7:00.66	Great Britain (GBR) Stephen Milne (1:46.97) Duncan Scott (1:45.05) Daniel Wallace (1:46.26) James Guy (1:44.85) Robbie Renwick^[a]	7:03.13 NR	Japan (JPN) Kosuke Hagino (1:45.34) Naito Ehara (1:46.11) Yuki Kobori (1:45.71) Takeshi Matsuda (1:46.34)	7:03.50
4 × 100 m medley relay details	United States (USA) Ryan Murphy (51.85) WR Cody Miller (59.03) Michael Phelps (50.33) Nathan Adrian (46.74) David Plummer^[a] Kevin Cordes^[a] Tom Shields^[a] Caeleb Dressel^[a]	3:27.95 OR	Great Britain (GBR) Chris Walker-Hebborn (53.68) Adam Peaty (56.59) James Guy (51.35) Duncan Scott (47.62)	3:29.24 NR	Australia (AUS) Mitch Larkin (53.19) Jake Packard (58.84) David Morgan (51.18) Kyle Chalmers (46.72) Cameron McEvoy^[a]	3:29.93
10 km open water details	Ferry Weertman  Netherlands	1:52:59.8	Spyridon Gianniotis  Greece	1:53:00.5	Marc-Antoine Olivier  France	1:53:02.0
AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

^a Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Women's events

Games	Gold		Silver		Bronze
50 m freestyle details	Pernille Blume  Denmark	24.07 NR	Simone Manuel  United States	24.09	Aliaksandra Herasimenia  Belarus	24.11 NR
100 m freestyle details	Penny Oleksiak  Canada Simone Manuel  United States	52.70 OR, WJ, AM 52.70 OR, AM	Not awarded as there was a tie for gold.		Sarah Sjöström  Sweden	52.99
200 m freestyle details	Katie Ledecky  United States	1:53.73	Sarah Sjöström  Sweden	1:54.08 NR	Emma McKeon  Australia	1:54.92
400 m freestyle details	Katie Ledecky  United States	3:56.46 WR	Jazmin Carlin  Great Britain	4:01.23	Leah Smith  United States	4:01.92
800 m freestyle details	Katie Ledecky  United States	8:04.79 WR	Jazmin Carlin  Great Britain	8:16.17	Boglárka Kapás  Hungary	8:16.37 NR
100 m backstroke details	Katinka Hosszú  Hungary	58.45 NR	Kathleen Baker  United States	58.75	Kylie Masse  Canada Fu Yuanhui  China	58.76 NR 58.76 NR
200 m backstroke details	Maya DiRado  United States	2:05.99	Katinka Hosszú  Hungary	2:06.05	Hilary Caldwell  Canada	2:07.54
100 m breaststroke details	Lilly King  United States	1:04.93 OR	Yulia Efimova  Russia	1:05.50	Katie Meili  United States	1:05.69
200 m breaststroke details	Rie Kaneto  Japan	2:20.30	Yulia Efimova  Russia	2:21.97	Shi Jinglin  China	2:22.28
100 m butterfly details	Sarah Sjöström  Sweden	55.48 WR	Penny Oleksiak  Canada	56.46 WJ, NR	Dana Vollmer  United States	56.63
200 m butterfly details	Mireia Belmonte García  Spain	2.04.85	Madeline Groves  Australia	2.04.88	Natsumi Hoshi  Japan	2.05.20
200 m individual medley details	Katinka Hosszú  Hungary	2:06.58 OR	Siobhan-Marie O'Connor  Great Britain	2:06.88 NR	Maya DiRado  United States	2:08.79
400 m individual medley details	Katinka Hosszú  Hungary	4:26.36 WR	Maya DiRado  United States	4:31.15	Mireia Belmonte García  Spain	4:32.39
4 × 100 m freestyle relay details	Australia (AUS) Emma McKeon (53.41) Brittany Elmslie (53.12) Bronte Campbell (52.15) Cate Campbell (51.97) Madison Wilson^[b]	3:30.65 WR	United States (USA) Simone Manuel (53.36) Abbey Weitzeil (52.56) Dana Vollmer (53.18) Katie Ledecky (52.79) Amanda Weir^[b] Lia Neal^[b] Allison Schmitt^[b]	3:31.89 AM	Canada (CAN) Sandrine Mainville (53.86) Chantal Van Landeghem (53.12) Taylor Ruck (53.19) Penny Oleksiak (52.72) Michelle Williams^[b]	3:32.89 NR
4 × 200 m freestyle relay details	United States (USA) Allison Schmitt (1:56.21) Leah Smith (1:56.69) Maya DiRado (1:56.39) Katie Ledecky (1:53.74) Missy Franklin^[b] Melanie Margalis^[b] Cierra Runge^[b]	7:43.03	Australia (AUS) Leah Neale (1:57.95) Emma McKeon (1:54.64) Bronte Barratt (1:55.81) Tamsin Cook (1:56.47) Jessica Ashwood^[b]	7:44.87	Canada (CAN) Katerine Savard (1:57.91) Taylor Ruck (1:56.18) Brittany MacLean (1:56.36) Penny Oleksiak (1:54.94) Kennedy Goss^[b] Emily Overholt^[b]	7:45.39 NR
4 × 100 m medley relay details	United States (USA) Kathleen Baker (59.00) Lilly King (1:05.70) Dana Vollmer (56.00) Simone Manuel (52.43) Olivia Smoliga^[b] Katie Meili^[b] Kelsi Worrell^[b] Abbey Weitzeil^[b]	3:53.13	Australia (AUS) Emily Seebohm (58.83) Taylor McKeown (1:07.05) Emma McKeon (56.95) Cate Campbell (52.17) Madison Wilson^[b] Madeline Groves^[b] Brittany Elmslie^[b]	3:55.00	Denmark (DEN) Mie Nielsen (58.75) Rikke Møller Pedersen (1:06.62) Jeanette Ottesen (56.43) Pernille Blume (53.21)	3:55.01 ER
10 km open water details	Sharon van Rouwendaal  Netherlands	1:56:32.1	Rachele Bruni  Italy	1:56:49.5	Poliana Okimoto  Brazil	1:56:51.4
AF African Record | AM Americas Record | SA South American Record | AS Asian Record | ER European Record | OC Oceanian Record | OR Olympic Record | WJR World Junior Record | WR World Record NR National Record (any World Record is necessarily also an Olympic, area, and national record. Area records (for continental regions) are also national records)

^b Swimmers who participated in the heats only and received medals.

Olympic and world records broken

See also: World and Olympic records set at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Men

Event	Established for	Date	Round	Name	Nationality	Time	Record	Day
Men's 100 metre breaststroke	(same)	6 August	Heats	Adam Peaty	Great Britain	57.55	WR	1
Men's 100 metre breaststroke	(same)	7 August	Final	Adam Peaty	Great Britain	57.13	WR	2
Men's 100 metre backstroke	(same)	8 August	Final	Ryan Murphy	United States	51.97	OR	3
Men's 200 metre breaststroke	(same)	9 August	Semifinal	Ippei Watanabe	Japan	2:07.22	OR	4
Men's 100 metre butterfly	(same)	12 August	Final	Joseph Schooling	Singapore	50.39	OR	7
Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay	Men's 100 metre backstroke	13 August	Final	Ryan Murphy	United States	51.85 r	WR	8
Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay	(same)	13 August	Final	Ryan Murphy (51.85) Cody Miller (59.03) Michael Phelps (50.33) Nathan Adrian (46.74)	United States	3:27.95	OR	8

Women

Event	Date	Round	Name	Nationality	Time	Record	Day
Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay	6 August	Heats	Madison Wilson (54.11) Brittany Elmslie (53.22) Bronte Campbell (53.26) Cate Campbell (51.80)	Australia	3:32.39	OR	1
Women's 100 metre butterfly	6 August	Semifinal	Sarah Sjöström	Sweden	55.84	OR	1
Women's 400 metre individual medley	6 August	Final	Katinka Hosszú	Hungary	4:26.36	WR	1
Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay	6 August	Final	Emma McKeon (53.41) Brittany Elmslie (53.12) Bronte Campbell (52.15) Cate Campbell (51.97)	Australia	3:30.65	WR	1
Women's 400 metre freestyle	7 August	Heats	Katie Ledecky	United States	3:58.71	OR	2
Women's 100 metre butterfly	7 August	Final	Sarah Sjöström	Sweden	55.48	WR	2
Women's 400 metre freestyle	7 August	Final	Katie Ledecky	United States	3:56.46	WR	2
Women's 200 metre individual medley	8 August	Heats	Katinka Hosszú	Hungary	2:07.45	OR	3
Women's 100 metre breaststroke	8 August	Final	Lilly King	United States	1:04.93	OR	3
Women's 200 metre individual medley	9 August	Final	Katinka Hosszú	Hungary	2:06.58	OR	4
Women's 100 metre freestyle	10 August	Heats	Cate Campbell	Australia	52.78	OR	5
Women's 100 metre freestyle	10 August	Semifinals	Cate Campbell	Australia	52.71	OR	5
Women's 800 metre freestyle	11 August	Heats	Katie Ledecky	United States	8.12.86	OR	6
Women's 100 metre freestyle	11 August	Final	Simone Manuel	United States	52.70	OR	6
Women's 100 metre freestyle	11 August	Final	Penny Oleksiak	Canada	52.70	OR	6
Women's 800 metre freestyle	12 August	Final	Katie Ledecky	United States	8.04.79	WR	7

Legend: r – First leg of relay

• All world records (WR) are consequently Olympic records (OR).

See also

• Swimming at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

References

1. "Olympedia – Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
2. "Rio 2016: Daily competition schedule" (PDF). Rio 2016 Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
3. "Exclusive: Studies find 'super bacteria' in Rio's Olympic venues, top beaches". Reuters. 11 June 2016. The first of the two new studies [...] showed the presence of the microbes at five of Rio's showcase beaches, including the ocean-front Copacabana, where open-water and triathlon swimming will take place.
4. "Scientists reportedly find super bacteria in several Rio Olympic venues". Fox News. 11 June 2016.
5. "Rio Olympics: Water quality not an issue in open water 10k race". Newsday. 15 August 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
6. Baxter, Kevin (15 August 2016). "Marathon swimmers find Rio's water to their taste". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
7. "Olympics on NBC through 2032". USA Today. Gannett Company. 7 May 2014.
8. "Fewer Russians Could Be a Windfall for U.S. Olympic Business". The New York Times. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
9. Longman, Jeré (12 February 2018). "For Olympic Figure Skaters, a New Meaning to Morning Routine". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
10. "Swimming At The 2016 Olympic Games – The Complete Schedule". SwimSwam. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
11. "FINA By Law 9". FINA. Archived from the original on 18 June 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
12. "FINA Releases 2016 Olympic Qualifying Time Standards". Swimming World Magazine. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
13. "Rio 2016 – FINA Swimming Qualification System" (PDF). Rio 2016. FINA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
14. "Rio 2016 – FINA Marathon Swimming Qualification System" (PDF). Rio 2016. FINA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
15. Keith, Braden (7 January 2015). "2016 Olympic Marathon Swim Qualifier returning to Setubal, Portugal". SwimSwam.com. Retrieved 23 January 2015.

External links

• "Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio2016.com)". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
• "Marathon Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics (Rio2016.com)". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2018.
• Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics at SR/Olympics (archived)
• NBC Olympics: Swimming
• Results Book – Swimming
• Results Book – Marathon Swimming