Surprise (1777 ship)

For other ships with the same name, see USS Surprise and HMS Racehorse.

History
Great Britain
Name	HMS Race Horse (or Racehorse)
Acquired	June 1776 by purchase
Fate	Captured 8 December 1776
Name	Surprise
Acquired	1776
Commissioned	1777
Fate	Destroyed 15 November 1777
General characteristics [1]
Type	Sloop
Tons burthen	98 (bm)
Length	59 ft (18.0 m) (overall) 43 ft (13.1 m) (keel)
Beam	20 ft 9 in (6.3 m) (overall)
Depth of hold	9 ft (2.7 m) (overall)
Propulsion	Sails
Armament	10 × 4-pounder guns

Surprise, the first American naval ship of the name, was a sloop that the Continental Navy purchased in 1777. The Royal Navy had purchased a vessel named Hercules in 1776 and renamed her HMS Racehorse. Andrew Doria captured Racehorse in 1776 and the Americans took her into service as Surprise. Her crew destroyed Surprise on 15 December 1777 to prevent the Royal Navy from recapturing her.

HMS Race Horse

The Royal Navy purchased the sloop Hercules in June 1776 at Jamaica in the British West Indies. The Navy renamed her Race Horse and commissioned her under Lieutenant Charles Everitt. In August, Lt. James Jones replaced Everitt. ^[1]

Between 24 November and her capture she captured sloops "L'June Bale", "Liberty", and "St. Espirit".^[2] On 6 December, 1776 Racehorse was off Puerto Rico where she encountered Andrew Doria. After a two-hour single-ship engagement Racehorse struck.^[3]

US service

The US Navy commissioned Race Horse as Surprise under Captain Benjamin Dunn.

Surprise was ordered in April 1777 to join the brigantine USS Andrew Doria and sloop Fly in clearing the Cape May channel of British ships.

On May 2nd, the Harwich packet Prince of Orange was taken in the English Channel by the USS Surprise, Captain Gustavus Conyngham. The latter vessel had been bought at Folkestone, and, with glaring disregard of French neutrality, had been equipped at Dunkirk. On the Surprise's return to Dunkirk, the prize was seized and restored to Britain, though it was believed at the time, not without some reason, that the British Government, anxious to avoid a dispute with France, had purchased from Conyngham his capture.^[4]

Scuttling

Surprise was stationed in the Delaware River through the spring and summer of 1777. After Vice Admiral Lord Howe brought his British fleet into the river in September 1777, Surprise was part of the forces charged with defending Philadelphia. Following the British occupation of Fort Mifflin on 16 November, Surprise, with the remaining ships of the Continental Navy, including Andrew Doria, sought shelter under the guns of Fort Mercer at Red Bank, New Jersey. With the evacuation of Fort Mercer on 20 November, Captain Isaiah Robinson of Andrew Doria gave orders the next day for the crews to burn their ships to prevent their capture. This was done shortly thereafter.

Citations

1. Winfield (2007), p. 334.
2. "Naval Documents of The American Revolution Volume 11 European THEATRE: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778 American: Jan. 1, 1778–Mar. 31, 1778" (PDF). U.S. Government printing office via Imbiblio. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
3. Hepper (1994), p. 50.
4. Royal Navy History - MINOR OPERATIONS OF THE ROYAL NAVY, 1777 Prince of Orange Packet

References

• Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650-1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
• Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1844157006.
•  This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.

External links

• Royal Navy History