Superior rectal artery

Superior rectal artery
Sigmoid colon and rectum, showing distribution of branches of inferior mesenteric artery and their anastomoses. (Superior hemorrhoidal artery visible at center right.)
The bloodvessels of the rectum and anus, showing the distribution and anastomosis on the posterior surface near the termination of the gut. (Labeled as hemorrhoidal artery.)
Details
Source	Inferior mesenteric artery
Vein	Superior rectal vein
Supplies	Rectum
Identifiers
Latin	arteria rectalis superior, arteria haemorrhoidalis superior
TA98	A12.2.12.073
TA2	4296
FMA	14832
Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]

The superior rectal artery (superior hemorrhoidal artery) is an artery that descends into the pelvis to supply blood to the rectum.

Structure

The superior rectal artery is the continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery. It descends into the pelvis between the layers of the mesentery of the sigmoid colon, crossing the left common iliac artery and vein.

It divides, opposite the third sacral vertebra into two branches, which descend one on either side of the rectum. About 10 or 12 cm from the anus, these branches break up into several small branches.^[1]

These pierce the muscular coat of the bowel and run downward, as straight vessels, placed at regular intervals from each other in the wall of the gut between its muscular and mucous coats, to the level of the internal anal sphincter; here they form a series of loops around the lower end of the rectum, and communicate with the middle rectal artery (from the internal iliac artery) and with the inferior rectal artery (from the internal pudendal artery).

Function

The superior rectal artery supplies the rectum and the anus.^[1][2]

Pathology

The superior rectal artery may be enlarged in patients with hemorrhoids.^[3] The superior rectal artery may be embolized to treat patients with symptomatic internal hemorrhoids in a procedure called hemorrhoidal artery embolization.^[4]

Additional images

• 
  The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx.

See also

• Middle rectal artery
• Inferior rectal artery

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 610 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

1. Smith, Margaret E.; Morton, Dion G. (2010-01-01), Smith, Margaret E.; Morton, Dion G. (eds.), "10 - THE COLON", The Digestive System (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone, pp. 171–182, ISBN 978-0-7020-3367-4, retrieved 2021-02-03
2. Jacob, S. (2008-01-01), Jacob, S. (ed.), "Chapter 4 - Abdomen", Human Anatomy, Churchill Livingstone, pp. 71–123, doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-10373-5.50007-5, ISBN 978-0-443-10373-5, retrieved 2021-02-03
3. UCLA Health (2024-06-24). Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Internal Hemorrhoids. Retrieved 2024-07-18 – via YouTube.
4. "Hemorrhoidal Artery Embolization (HAE)". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2024-07-18.

External links

• Anatomy figure: 39:02-06 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Branches of the inferior mesenteric artery."
• Anatomy photo:39:05-0112 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Intestines and Pancreas: Branches of the Inferior Mesenteric Artery"
• sup&infmesentericart at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University)
• pelvis at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (pelvicarteries)