Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. Stem cells can also be identified by functional assays. Below is a list of genes/protein products that can be used to identify various types of stem cells, or functional assays that do the same.[1] The initial version of the list below was obtained by mining the PubMed database as described in [2]
^ abBernardo AS, Barrow J, Hay CW, et al. (July 2006). "Presence of endocrine and exocrine markers in EGFP-positive cells from the developing pancreas of a nestin/EGFP mouse". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 253 (1–2): 14–21. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.003. PMID16698177. S2CID24731040.
^Harris MT, Schwarting GA, Stout RD (September 1981). "Selective expression of asialo GM1 on maturational subsets of lymphocytes in normal and athymic mice". Thymus. 3 (3): 153–67. PMID6171918.
^Suzuki A, Zheng YW, Fukao K, Nakauchi H, Taniguchi H (2004). "Liver repopulation by c-Met-positive stem/progenitor cells isolated from the developing rat liver". Hepato-gastroenterology. 51 (56): 423–6. PMID15086173.
^ abNagatomo K, Komaki M, Sekiya I, et al. (August 2006). "Stem cell properties of human periodontal ligament cells". Journal of Periodontal Research. 41 (4): 303–10. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2006.00870.x. PMID16827724.
^Pera MF, Herszfeld D (1998). "Differentiation of human pluripotent teratocarcinoma stem cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2". Reproduction, Fertility, and Development. 10 (7–8): 551–5. doi:10.1071/RD98097. PMID10612460.
^Blakolmer K, Jaskiewicz K, Dunsford HA, Robson SC (June 1995). "Hematopoietic stem cell markers are expressed by ductal plate and bile duct cells in developing human liver". Hepatology. 21 (6): 1510–6. doi:10.1002/hep.1840210606. PMID7539394. S2CID23249080.
^Ning H, Lin G, Lue TF, Lin CS (December 2006). "Neuron-like differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells and vascular smooth muscle cells". Differentiation. 74 (9–10): 510–8. doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00081.x. PMID17177848.
^Okumoto K, Saito T, Hattori E, et al. (May 2003). "Differentiation of bone marrow cells into cells that express liver-specific genes in vitro: implication of the Notch signals in differentiation". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 304 (4): 691–5. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00637-5. PMID12727209.
^Boulter CA, Wagner EF (March 1988). "The effects of v-src expression on the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells". Oncogene. 2 (3): 207–14. PMID3127777.
^ abcGiuliano CJ, Kerley-Hamilton JS, Bee T, et al. (October 2005). "Retinoic acid represses a cassette of candidate pluripotency chromosome 12p genes during induced loss of human embryonal carcinoma tumorigenicity". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1731 (1): 48–56. doi:10.1016/j.bbaexp.2005.08.006. PMID16168501.
^Reid CD (June 1987). "The significance of endogenous erythroid colonies (EEC) in haematological disorders". Blood Reviews. 1 (2): 133–40. doi:10.1016/0268-960X(87)90008-7. PMID3332094.
^Rappold I, Ziegler BL, Köhler I, et al. (15 July 1997). "Functional and phenotypic characterization of cord blood and bone marrow subsets expressing FLT3 (CD135) receptor tyrosine kinase". Blood. 90 (1): 111–25. PMID9207445.
^Wang Q, Li N, Wang X, et al. (January 2007). "Membrane protein hMYADM preferentially expressed in myeloid cells is up-regulated during differentiation of stem cells and myeloid leukemia cells". Life Sciences. 80 (5): 420–9. doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.09.043. PMID17097684.
^Stahl J, Wobus AM, Ihrig S, Lutsch G, Bielka H (September 1992). "The small heat shock protein hsp25 is accumulated in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells and embryonic stem cells of line BLC6 during differentiation". Differentiation. 51 (1): 33–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-0436.1992.tb00677.x. PMID1451960.
^Jendelová P, Herynek V, Urdzíková L, et al. (April 2004). "Magnetic resonance tracking of transplanted bone marrow and embryonic stem cells labeled by iron oxide nanoparticles in rat brain and spinal cord". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 76 (2): 232–43. CiteSeerX10.1.1.73.3538. doi:10.1002/jnr.20041. PMID15048921. S2CID146234.
^Ziegler BL, Valtieri M, Porada GA, et al. (September 1999). "KDR receptor: a key marker defining hematopoietic stem cells". Science. 285 (5433): 1553–8. doi:10.1126/science.285.5433.1553. PMID10477517.
^Youn SW, Kim DS, Cho HJ, et al. (August 2004). "Cellular senescence induced loss of stem cell proportion in the skin in vitro". Journal of Dermatological Science. 35 (2): 113–23. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.04.002. PMID15265523.
^van Es JH, Kuipers J, Kujala P, van den Born M, Cozijnsen M, Haegebarth A, Korving J, Begthel H, Peters PJ, Clevers H (2007). "Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5". Nature. 449 (7165): 1003–1007. Bibcode:2007Natur.449.1003B. doi:10.1038/nature06196. PMID17934449. S2CID4349637.
^Yamaguchi YL, Tanaka SS, Kasa M, Yasuda K, Tam PP, Matsui Y (August 2006). "Expression of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) gene in the mouse germ cells". Gene Expression Patterns. 6 (6): 607–12. doi:10.1016/j.modgep.2005.11.013. PMID16434236.
^Staud F, Pavek P (April 2005). "Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2)". The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 37 (4): 720–5. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.11.004. PMID15694832.
^Loo DT, Althoen MC, Cotman CW (October 1995). "Differentiation of serum-free mouse embryo cells into astrocytes is accompanied by induction of glutamine synthetase activity". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 42 (2): 184–91. doi:10.1002/jnr.490420205. PMID8568918. S2CID22564575.
^Okawa H, Okuda O, Arai H, Sakuragawa N, Sato K (December 2001). "Amniotic epithelial cells transform into neuron-like cells in the ischemic brain". NeuroReport. 12 (18): 4003–7. doi:10.1097/00001756-200112210-00030. PMID11742228. S2CID19612122.
^Kafienah W, Mistry S, Williams C, Hollander AP (April 2006). "Nucleostemin is a marker of proliferating stromal stem cells in adult human bone marrow". Stem Cells. 24 (4): 1113–20. doi:10.1634/stemcells.2005-0416. PMID16282439. S2CID20104916.
^Maduro MR, Davis E, Davis A, Lamb DJ (May 2002). "Osteotesticular protein tyrosine phosphatase expression in rodent testis". The Journal of Urology. 167 (5): 2282–3. doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65143-9. PMID11956493.
^Tokura Y, Shikami M, Miwa H, et al. (January 2002). "Augmented expression of P-gp/multi-drug resistance gene by all-trans retinoic acid in monocytic leukemic cells". Leukemia Research. 26 (1): 29–36. doi:10.1016/S0145-2126(01)00094-7. PMID11734301.
^Nakafuku M, Nakamura S (June 1995). "Establishment and characterization of a multipotential neural cell line that can conditionally generate neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in vitro". Journal of Neuroscience Research. 41 (2): 153–68. doi:10.1002/jnr.490410203. PMID7650751. S2CID7010999.
^Smalley MJ, Clarke RB (January 2005). "The mammary gland "side population": a putative stem/progenitor cell marker?". Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 10 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1007/s10911-005-2539-0. PMID15886885. S2CID10879813.
^Furue M, Okamoto T, Hayashi Y, et al. (2005). "Leukemia inhibitory factor as an anti-apoptotic mitogen for pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells in a serum-free medium without feeder cells". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Animal. 41 (1–2): 19–28. doi:10.1290/0502010.1. PMID15926856. S2CID1995302.
^Krause JR, Brody JP, Kaplan SS, Penchansky L (June 1986). "Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in acute leukemia: a study of 100 cases comparing an immunoperoxidase (PAP) vs immunofluorescent method". American Journal of Hematology. 22 (2): 179–84. doi:10.1002/ajh.2830220208. PMID3518417. S2CID21174031.
^Masson NM, Currie IS, Terrace JD, Garden OJ, Parks RW, Ross JA (July 2006). "Hepatic progenitor cells in human fetal liver express the oval cell marker Thy-1". American Journal of Physiology. 291 (1): G45–54. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00465.2005. PMID16769813.
^Inniss K, Moore H (December 2006). "Mediation of apoptosis and proliferation of human embryonic stem cells by sphingosine-1-phosphate". Stem Cells and Development. 15 (6): 789–96. doi:10.1089/scd.2006.15.789. PMID17253942.
^Walder S, Zhang F, Ferretti P (December 2003). "Up-regulation of neural stem cell markers suggests the occurrence of dedifferentiation in regenerating spinal cord". Development Genes and Evolution. 213 (12): 625–30. doi:10.1007/s00427-003-0364-2. PMID14608505. S2CID6076819.
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