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Sphingosine
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name (2S,3R,4E)-2-Aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol
Identifiers
CAS Number	123-78-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:16393 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL67166 ;
ChemSpider	4444047 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.230
IUPHAR/BPS	2452;
PubChem CID	5280335;
UNII	NGZ37HRE42 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID90861763 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C18H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(21)17(19)16-20/h14-15,17-18,20-21H,2-13,16,19H2,1H3/b15-14+/t17-,18+/m0/s1 Key: WWUZIQQURGPMPG-KRWOKUGFSA-N ; InChI=1/C18H37NO2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(21)17(19)16-20/h14-15,17-18,20-21H,2-13,16,19H2,1H3/b15-14+/t17-,18+/m0/s1 Key: WWUZIQQURGPMPG-KRWOKUGFBW;
	SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCC/C=C/[C@H]([C@H](CO)N)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C18H37NO2
Molar mass	299.499 g·mol−1
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Sphingosine (2-amino-4-trans-octadecene-1,3-diol) is an 18-carbon amino alcohol with an unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, which forms a primary part of sphingolipids, a class of cell membrane lipids that include sphingomyelin, an important phospholipid.

Functions

Sphingosine can be phosphorylated in vivo via two kinases, sphingosine kinase type 1 and sphingosine kinase type 2. This leads to the formation of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a potent signaling lipid.

Sphingolipid metabolites, such as ceramides, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are lipid signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular processes.

Biosynthesis

Sphingosine is synthesized from palmitoyl CoA and serine in a condensation required to yield dihydrosphingosine.

Dehydrosphingosine is then reduced by NADPH to dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine), acylated to dihydroceramide and finally oxidized by FAD to ceramide. Sphingosine is then solely formed via degradation of sphingolipid in the lysosome.