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Soyuz 7K-OKS
Manufacturer	OKB-1
Country of origin	Soviet Union
Operator	Soviet space program
Applications	Crewed spacecraft to dock with space station
Specifications
Dimensions	Height 7.94 metres (26.0 ft) Volume 9,000 cubic metres (320,000 cu ft)
Regime	Low Earth orbit
Design life	Up to 35 days
Production
Status	No longer in service
Launched	2
Maiden launch	Soyuz 10; 22 April 1971
Last launch	Soyuz 11; 6 June 1971
Related spacecraft
Derived from	Soyuz 7K-OK
Derivatives	Soyuz 7K-T

Soyuz 7K-OKS (also known as Soyuz 7KT-OK)^[1] is a version of the Soyuz spacecraft and was the first spacecraft designed for space station flights. Its only crewed flights were conducted in 1971, with Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 11.

Design

The two craft of the Soyuz 7K-OKS generation were modified from the original Soyuz 7K-OK. The new "probe and drogue" docking mechanism, which was first used by these two missions, featured an internal docking hatch that allowed for the first time internal transfer between Soviet spacecraft. This "probe and drogue" docking mechanism introduced with Soyuz 7K-OKS is still in use today at the International Space Station (ISS). The external toroidal fuel tank, a holdover from the original lunar mission models of the Soyuz, was dropped from the 7K-OKS since it was unneeded for Earth orbital flights.^[1]

Flights

The Soyuz 7K-OKS flew only twice, Soyuz 10 and Soyuz 11.^[1]

On its maiden flight, the Soyuz 7K-OKS successfully launched into Earth orbit, but failed to dock completely with the Salyut 1 space station. Upon reentry, the spacecraft encountered problems with toxic fumes.^[2]

This generation of Soyuz spacecraft is notable for the first successful delivery of crew to the first space station Salyut 1 by Soyuz 11 – this success was however overshadowed by the death of the crew, who were killed when the capsule depressurised during the re-entry phase.^[3]

Missions

Mission	Crew	Launch	Landing	Duration	Notes
Soyuz 10	Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev Nikolai Rukavishnikov	22 April 1971	24 April 1971	2 days	Docking with Salyut 1 failed^[4]
Soyuz 11	Georgy Dobrovolsky Vladislav Volkov Viktor Patsayev	6 June 1971	29 June 1971	23 days	First crewed mission to visit a space station successfully (Salyut 1), however all cosmonauts were killed from asphyxiation during landing^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Soyuz 7KT-OK". Astronautix. Archived from the original on 3 January 2010. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
^ "Soyuz 10". Astronautix. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
^ "Soyuz 11 1971-053A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 10". SPACEFACTS.de. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
^ "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 11". SPACEFACTS.de. Retrieved 16 September 2024.