She married Shimon in May 1945. Together, they helped found kibbutzAlumot.[3] Sonia and Shimon had three children and eight grandchildren.[4]
Sonia rarely appeared in public eye, preferring to play a backstage role in her husband's six-decade political career.[2]
Early life
Sonia Gelman was born in the town of Mizoch in Poland (nowadays in Ukraine) to Malka (Mamcha) and Yaakov Gelman. In 1927 she made Aliya to Mandatory Palestine with her parents, her older sister Batya and younger brother Itzik. The Gelman family was one of the first to leave the town, with the aim of making Aliya to the Land of Israel, and their departure caused great excitement. A farewell ceremony was held, which included a party and speeches attended by all the residents. The family settled in the Ben Shemen Youth Village, when Malka was employed as the housemother of the institution, and Yaakov served as a yardman and carpentry teacher.
Meeting her husband
Sonia Gelman studied at the Ben Shemen youth village where she lived, and where she met Shimon Persky, later Shimon Peres. Peres joined the Gar'in that was founded by KibbutzAlumot, and Sonia stayed in the village to complete her matriculation studies. Although their relationship continued after graduating, mainly through correspondence, during World War II the two separated, with Shimon remaining on the kibbutz, and Sonia enlisting to the British Army.
Nurse
Sonia served as a practical nurse, in a field hospital in the Western Desert during the North African campaign. Her job was to assist the professional staff in everything needed to treat the wounded. Peres said that one day when the head nurse called her a "damn native," she slapped her in the face, and was subsequently expelled from the hospital, and was sent to a heavy vehicle driving course at the Mina camp near the pyramids.[5]
Israeli activist and married life
In May 1945, after completing her service in the British Army and returning to Palestine, she married Shimon Peres. Sonia Peres was a housewife who chose to stay away from the media and fiercely maintained her privacy and the privacy of her family, despite her husband's extensive political career. Over the years, Peres has volunteered for various activities designed to help the needy in Israeli society. Among other things, she assisted in the distribution of food products to the needy, and also worked extensively for IDF widows. In one case, Peres adopted the children of one of the widows, upon her death, and even let them live for a period of time in the prime minister's official resident. However, her voluntary activity was under a heavy veil of secrecy, due to Peres' unwillingness to publicize her activity.[6]
Spouse of the Prime Minister of Israel
1984 – 1986
Shimon Peres took over as Israeli prime minister in September 1984, after many years of unsuccessful attempts to win it over. This softened Sonia Peres' hostility to her husband's public and political activities. Peres has fulfilled some of the symbolic roles of a prime minister's wife, mainly hosting leaders and women leaders abroad. For example, she attended the official reception at the Ben-Gurion Airport to Prime Minister of Denmark Poul Schlüter in September 1985 and accompanied a tour of US Vice President George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife Barbara in Israel in July 1986.[6] However, during the two years she served as the prime minister's wife, she continued to refuse to be interviewed, and as far as is known, even refrained from any involvement in political issues her husband engaged in as part of his job.[6]
1995 – 1996
After the assassination of Prime Minister Rabin Sonia was the prime minister's wife for the second and final time in her life. This time, too, she refrained from appearing in the prime minister's office, and most of the office's staff did not even recognize her face.[7] During the elections to the Fourteenth Knesset and of the Prime Minister, she did not take any active role in her husband's election campaign, nor did she attend the debate between Peres and Benjamin Netanyahu, which was one of the highlights of the election.[8] In contrast, hours before the election results were published, family members and close friends gathered at Peres' house, where she hosted them.[9]
First Lady of Israel
With the election of Shimon Peres as president, Sonia Peres announced that she would not move with him to the president's official resident and would stay in their private apartment in Neve Avivim. Ever since they lived separately, following her husband breaking his promise that being elected chairman of the Labor Party in 2002 would be his last public job. During this period she changed her name to Sonia Gal, an abbreviation of her maiden name Gelman.
Sonia died on January 20, 2011, in her apartment in Tel Aviv. At her request, she was buried in the cemetery of the Ben Shemen Youth Village and not in the place designated for her, next to her husband, in the Helkat Gedolei HaUma on Mount Herzl.
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