Before independence, Singapore had merged with the Federation of Malaya with North Borneo and Sarawak to form Malaysia on August 31, 1963 and at that time, the Federation of Malaya was already a member of the UN.[5] Due to distrust and ideological differences between leaders of the State of Singapore and the federal government of Malaysia, Singapore became an independent state about 2 years after the union, on August 9, 1965.[3]
Requirements for joining the United Nations under the UN Charter of the time required sponsorship by minimum of 2 members on the United Nations Security Council, support from the members on the council and about 67% of the votes during the United Nations General Assembly to be successfully admitted into the organisation. After independence, Singapore applied to join the UN on September 2, 1965 with the sponsorship of Malaysia, the United Kingdom, Ivory Coast and Jordan. On September 20, 1965, Singapore's admission to the UN was put into vote in the security council and the result of the vote was unanimous.[6][7] Singapore was then officially registered as a member of the UN on September 21, 1965, with Abu Bakar bin Pawanchee serving as the first permanent representative to the UN.[8][3]
Since then, Singapore has been actively participating in UN peacekeeping operations. In 1997, the country became only the seventh country to sign the Memorandum of Understanding on UN Standby Arrangements.[11]
Since 1989, Singapore has taken part in 17 peacekeeping and observer missions with personnel from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and Singapore Police Force (SPF).[16][17] Singapore's first peacekeeping mission was to oversee Namibia’s transition to independence, was in response to an urgent call for help from then UN Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar on March 29, 1989. A total of 30 personnel from the SPF was sent on the mission and the country also contributed S$172,652 to the operations of the United Nations Transition Assistance Group.[18]
Singapore has taken part in the following peacekeeping and observer missions led by the UN.
In December 2015, a memorandum of understanding was signed between Singapore and the United Nations to develop an information management tool to aid in peacekeeping operations. The main functionality of the software is to allow the reporting of casualty for personnel serving in peacekeeping operations, which will be then accessed by authorized users in the UN Headquarters in New York, and all Peacekeeping and Special Political Missions.[26] The tool was developed by the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (UN DPKO) and the UN Department of Field Support (UN DFS) and was launched in May 2017.[27] The launch of the software was officiated by Jean-Pierre Lacroix, the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations in a ceremony in New York.[28]
Representation
Singapore maintains 3 permanent missions to the UN and 1 permanent delegate to UNESCO. The 3 permanent missions to the UN are located in New York, which is headed by Ambassador Burhan Gafoor,[2]Geneva, which is headed by Ambassador Tan Hung Seng[29] and lastly at Vienna, which is headed by Ambassador Umej Singh Bhatia.[30] The permanent mission in Vienna, also serves as the country's representative to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency.[30] The non-resident permanent delegate to UNESCO is represented by Ambassador Rosa Huey Daniel.[31]
^Tan, Alvin (2020). Singapore, a very short history : from Temasek to tomorrow. Singapore: Talisman Publishing Pte Ltd. pp. 136–137. ISBN978-9811433481.
^Thomas G. Weiss, Tatiana Carayannis and Richard Jolly (January–March 2009). "The "Third" United Nations, 2009". Global Governance. 15 (1): 123–149. JSTOR27800742.
^"Seamless Switch From UN Administration to Post-Independence Government in East Timor Vital to Success, Security Council Told". United Nations. 2002. Retrieved July 28, 2020. Kishore Mahbubani (Singapore), referring to the situation in Afghanistan where the United Nations faced enormous challenges, hoped that the success of East Timor would have a ripple effect in the region. East Timor was a good example of what the United Nations could achieve, he said, but it was clear the Organization still had unfinished business there.