Simijaca Formation

Simijaca Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian-Turonian ~100–90 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Villeta Group
Underlies	La Frontera Formation
Overlies	Chiquinquirá Sst., Churuvita Fm., Hiló Fm., Pacho Fm.
Thickness	up to 693 m (2,270 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Mudstone
Other	Shale, sandstone, limestone
Location
Coordinates	5°29′15″N 73°50′55″W
Region	Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes
Country	Colombia
Type section
Named for	Simijaca
Named by	Ulloa & Rodríguez
Location	South of Simijaca
Year defined	1991
Coordinates	5°29′15″N 73°50′55″W
Region	Cundinamarca, Boyacá
Country	Colombia
Thickness at type section	432 metres (1,420 ft)
Paleogeography of Northern South America 90 Ma, by Ron Blakey

The Simijaca Formation (Spanish: Formación Simijaca, K₂S, Kss) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly mudstone formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian and Cenomanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 693 metres (2,274 ft).

Etymology

The formation was defined and named in 1991 by Ulloa and Rodríguez after Simijaca, Cundinamarca.^[1]

Description

Lithologies

The Simijaca Formation is characterised by a sequence of mudstones, grey and black shales with sandstone and limestone intercalations.^[1][2]

Stratigraphy and depositional environment

The Simijaca Formation conformably overlies the Chiquinquirá Sandstone, and the Hiló and Pacho Formations, and is overlain by the La Frontera Formation.^[3] The age has been estimated to be Turonian,^[1] or Cenomanian.^[4] Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Chipaque Formation.^[5] The formation has been deposited in an open marine platform setting.^[6] The deposition is represented by a maximum flooding surface.^[7]

Outcrops

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Type locality of the Simijaca Formation on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

The Simijaca Formation is apart from its type locality in the Quebrada Don Lope,^[2] found at surface in the north of the Bogotá savanna, in the Tabio anticlinal, along the road Ubaté-Carmen de Carupa,^[8] at the western and eastern flanks of the Aponsentos-Chiquinquirá Synclinal,^[9] near Tena, south of Anolaima and Cachipay,^[10] and between Anapoima and Granada.^[11]

Regional correlations

Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges

Age	Paleomap	VMM	Guaduas-Vélez		W Emerald Belt		Villeta anticlinal		Chiquinquirá- Arcabuco	Tunja- Duitama	Altiplano Cundiboyacense		El Cocuy
Maastrichtian		Umir	Córdoba		Seca		eroded		Guaduas				Colón-Mito Juan
					Umir				Guadalupe
Campanian					Córdoba
					Oliní
Santonian		La Luna	Cimarrona - La Tabla										La Luna
Coniacian			Oliní				Villeta	Conejo		Chipaque
			Güagüaquí	Loma Gorda	undefined			La Frontera
Turonian				Hondita	La Frontera	Otanche
Cenomanian		Simití	hiatus		La Corona			Simijaca					Capacho
					Pacho Fm.			Hiló - Pacho	Churuvita	Une			Aguardiente
Albian					Hiló				Chiquinquirá	Tibasosa	Une
		Tablazo			Tablazo			Capotes - La Palma - Simití	Simití				Tibú-Mercedes
Aptian					Capotes			Socotá - El Peñón	Paja		Fómeque
		Paja			Paja	El Peñón		Trincheras					Río Negro
							La Naveta
Barremian
Hauterivian						Muzo					Cáqueza	Las Juntas
		Rosablanca							Ritoque
Valanginian					Ritoque	Furatena	Útica - Murca		Rosablanca	hiatus		Macanal
					Rosablanca
Berriasian		Cumbre			Cumbre				Los Medios			Guavio
		Tambor			Arcabuco				Cumbre
Sources

See also

Geology of the Eastern Hills

Geology of the Ocetá Páramo

Geology of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense

References

1. Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.21
2. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.38
3. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.32
4. Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.41
5. Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.22
6. García González et al., 2009, p.209
7. Villamil, 2012, p.164
8. Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.23
9. Plancha 190, 2009
10. Plancha 227, 1998
11. Plancha 246, 1998

Bibliography

• Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2001), Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–84, retrieved 2017-03-23
• García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
• Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
• Villamil, Tomas (2012), Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), pp. 161–216

Maps

• Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo (2009), Plancha 170 - Vélez - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Fuquen M., Jaime A; Osorno M, José F. (2009), Plancha 190 - Chiquinquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Ulloa, Carlos; Acosta, Jorge (1998), Plancha 208 - Villeta - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Montoya, Diana María; Reyes, Germán (2009), Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo; Acosta, Jorge E. (1998), Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
• Acosta, Jorge E.; Ulloa, Carlos E. (1998), Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06

External links

• Gómez, J.; Montes, N.E.; Nivia, Á.; Diederix, H. (2015), Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, p. 1, retrieved 2017-03-23