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Shakuntala
Shakuntala
	Film Poster
Directed by	V. Shantaram
Written by	Diwan Sharar (screenplay)
Based on	Abhijñānaśākuntalam; by Kālidāsa
Produced by	V. Shantaram
Starring	Jayshree; Chandra Mohan; V. Shantaram; Ameena
Cinematography	V. Avadhoot
Music by	Vasant Desai
Production; company	Rajkamal Kalamandir
Distributed by	National Finance of India, Ltd., Delhi, India
Release date	1943;
Running time	122 minutes
Country	India
Language	Hindi

Shakuntala is a 1943 drama film based on Kālidāsa's Sanskrit drama Abhijñānaśākuntalam,^[1]^[2] directed by V. Shantaram. ^[3] It was the first film made under the newly formed Rajkamal Kalamandir banner that Shantaram had started. It was the first film to be shown commercially in US.^[4] Adapted from the Shakuntala of Kalidas the screenplay was by Diwan Sharar. Music was composed by Vasant Desai with lyrics by Diwan Sharar and Ratan Piya.^[5] The cinematatography was by V. Avadhoot and the film starred Kumar Ganesh, Jayashree, Chandra Mohan, Ameena, Shantaram, Zohra and Nana Palsikar.^[6]

The film initially sticks to the traditional version of Kālidāsa's play but later follows a "transformation" in the form of "empowerment of women" in Shakuntala's role, which is attributed to a critique of the play by Bankim Chatterjee.^[7]

Plot

Shakuntala (Jayshree) is the daughter of sage Vishwamitra and Menaka, but is brought up by the sage Kanva, and stays with him in a forest dwelling. She meets King Dushyanta (Chandra Mohan), when he comes there for a hunt. The two fall in love and get married, with Dushyanta staying with her. Soon he has to leave and he promises to come back for her. Before leaving he gives her a ring as a token of their marriage. Shakuntala passes her days waiting for Dushyanta. She is so lost in his thoughts that she doesn’t hear a sage asking for water. He then leaves her with a curse that the one she is thinking about will forget her. She gives birth to a son, Bharata and several years pass without the return of Dushyanta who has lost his memory and has no recollection of Shakuntala. The ring he has given her is lost in the river and swallowed by a fish. Dushyanta turns her away when Shakuntala goes to the court. Later when Dushyanta recovers his memory Shakuntala refuses to go with him but both are finally united.

Cast

Kumar Ganesh as Bharat
Jayashree as Shakuntala
Chandra Mohan as King Dushyanta
Shantaram as Priyamvad
Ameena
Madan Mohan
Zohra as Menaka
Nana Palsikar
Vilas
Raja Pandit
Shantarin
Vidya

Review

Shakuntala was the first Indian film to be shown in the US.^[8] The New York Times of 1947 stated that "Shakuntala has a charm entirely its own". Calling it a "fairy-tale" the reviewer praised the background, and commented on the "unabashed naïveté of acting of the entire cast", and the "crudely rich musical score" but called it "a sturdy screen promise".^[4] The film has been cited as a "major hit" and was shown at a theatre in India for continuous 104 weeks.^[9]

Award

The film was nominated for the Grand International Award at the 1947 Venice Film Festival.

Soundtrack

The film was composed by Vasant Desai, who had earlier provided background music in Shantaram’s films. This was Desai's first independent music venture and continued to have a long association with Shantaram's films.^[10] The lyricists were Diwan Sharar and Ratan Piya. The singers were Jayashree, Zohrabai Ambalewali, Parshuram and Amirbai Karnataki.^[11]

Song list

#	Title	Singer	Lyricist
1	"Jhooloongi Jhooloongi Jeevan Bhar"	Jayashree	Ratan Piya
2	"Pyari Pyari Ye Sukhad Maatrubhoomi Apni"	Jayashree, Zohrabai Ambalewali, Parshuram	Ratan Piya
3	"Chand Sa Nanha Aaye"	Jayashree, Zohrabai Ambalewali	Ratan Piya
4	"Kamal Hai Mere Saamne"	Jayashree	Deewan Sharar
5	"Tumhe Prasann Yun Dekh Ke"	Jayashree, Zohrabai Ambalewali, Parshuram	Ratan Piya
6	"Ek Prem Ki Pyasi"	Amirbai Karnataki	Ratan Piya
7	"Mere Baba Ne Baat Meri"	Jayashree	Ratan Piya
8	"Kisi Kanya Ko"	Vasant Desai	Deewan Sharar
9	"Jeevan Ki Naav Na Doley"	Jayashree	Deewan Sharar
10	"Sukh Bhara Kare Jeevan"	Amirbai Karnataki	Ratan Piya
11	"Byah Rachaye Chup Chup"	Zohrabai Ambalewali	Deewan Sharar
12	"Na Jaane Kahan Ka Yeh Jaadoo"
13	"Mere Birah Ki Rain"

References

^ K. Moti Gokulsing; Wimal Dissanayake (17 April 2013). Routledge Handbook of Indian Cinemas. Routledge. pp. 131–. ISBN 978-1-136-77291-7. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Chandra, Balakrishnan, Pali, Vijay Kumar. "100 Years Of Bollywood-Shakuntala (1943)". indiavideo.org. Invis Multimedia Pvt. Ltd. Retrieved 12 February 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Shakuntala (1943)". gomolo.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Movie Review Shakuntala (1943)". At the Art. The New York Times Company. The New York Times. 26 December 1947. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ "Shakuntala (1943)". myswar.com. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ "Shakuntala". citwf.com. Alan Goble. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Heidi R.M. Pauwels (17 December 2007). Indian Literature and Popular Cinema: Recasting Classics. Routledge. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-134-06255-3. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Roy Armes (29 June 1987). Third World Film Making and the West. University of California Press. pp. 113–. ISBN 978-0-520-90801-7. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Tilak Rishi (2012). Bless You Bollywood!: A Tribute to Hindi Cinema on Completing 100 Years. Trafford Publishing. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-1-4669-3963-9. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ Ashok Damodar Ranade (1 January 2006). Hindi Film Song: Music Beyond Boundaries. Bibliophile South Asia. pp. 230–. ISBN 978-81-85002-64-4. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
^ "Shakuntala". hindigeetmala.net. Hindi Geetmala. Retrieved 12 February 2015.