Senior (education)

Senior class artwork, from East Texas State Normal College's 1920 Locust yearbook

The term senior, in regard to education, has different meanings depending on the country.

United States

In the United States education, a senior is a student in the fourth year of study, either in high school or college/university.^[1][2]

High school

The twelfth grade is the fourth and final year of a student's high school education. The year and the student are both referred to as senior. Senior year is when most students take college entrance exams (ACT or SAT) and actually apply to college/university. A common stereotype of high school seniors in the United States is that they suffer from "senioritis", a perceived laziness or lack of motivation to complete schoolwork in this year. This is due to the assumption that colleges and universities place greater emphasis on a student's performance during junior year when making admission decisions, and that poor academic performance during senior year won't matter because the senior will already have been admitted to college at the time of graduation. Alternatively, senior year is when students decide to pursue a trade and enroll in a relevant school or program rather than attending college/university. Some seniors decide to put off higher education in favor of entering the work force.

Higher education

The fourth year of an undergraduate program is known as senior year, and 4th year students are known as seniors. Bachelor's degree programs are designed to be completed in four years, so the senior year is usually the final year of the program. Seniors are encouraged to take professional licensure exams, begin the process of job-hunting, or apply to graduate school in their senior year. Many colleges and universities might also require capstone projects or the completion of special seminars that require the student to demonstrate everything they've learned in their major or time at university in general.

Super Senior

Main article: Super senior

The term super senior is used in the United States to refer to a student who has not completed graduation requirements by the end of the fourth year, who is continuing to attempt to complete said requirements. The term refers primarily to college students taking additional courses, rather than high school students who would most likely be required to repeat courses. Although super seniors are stereotyped as students who were unable to complete their graduation requirements due to some personal failing or unforeseen circumstances, many super seniors take an additional year intentionally to take additional courses or acquire additional credentials.^[3]

Canada

In the province of Ontario, high school students in their third year and above are considered to be seniors, while in the province of Alberta, only twelfth graders are counted as seniors even though both provinces are Canadian.^[4]

United Kingdom

In England and Wales, students in their seventh year and above (11 years and older, post primary school) in secondary school are seniors.^[5] In Scotland, students in their fifth year and above are seniors.^{[citation needed]}

Nigeria

In Nigeria, senior secondary education is the education children receive after primary and junior secondary education and before the tertiary period.^[6] The appropriate age for senior secondary education in Nigeria is 11–18 years. The student is expected to write (West African Examination Council — WAEC) examination and/or National Examination Council (NECO) at the completion of six years of study.^[7] Every student is examined on 8–9 subjects. All students complete 4 core cross-cutting subjects: English language, General Mathematics, Civic Education and Trade/Entrepreneurship.^[8][9]

See also

• Freshman
• Sophomore
• Junior
• Intercollegiate athletics

References

1. "Concise Oxford English Dictionary". Oxford University Press.^{[dead link‍]}
2. "Merriam-Webster online". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2009-08-21.
3. Sarver, Felix. "Super seniors find educational reasons to stay past four years". northernstar.info. Retrieved 18 March 2018.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
4. FutureLearn (2021-09-03). "Explore: The Canadian education system by province and territory". FutureLearn. Archived from the original on 2022-09-04. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
5. "The British Education System - British Culture, Customs and Traditions". www.learnenglish.de. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
6. "SECONDARY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA". Afribary. Archived from the original on 2022-09-02. Retrieved 2022-09-02.
7. Armah, Gabriel (December 2011). "A conceptual database design for the operation of West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) Co-Operative Credit Union". American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research. 2 (6): 846–851. doi:10.5251/ajsir.2011.2.6.846.851. ISSN 2153-649X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-09-19. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
8. "Academics – CSMT Schools". Archived from the original on 2022-09-05. Retrieved 2022-09-04.
9. Enang, Wisdom (2022-05-14). "Aims and Objectives of Secondary Education in Nigeria". Proguide. Archived from the original on 2022-09-04. Retrieved 2022-09-04.