Army Commendation Medal with 4 oak leaf clusters Meritorious Service Medal Legion of merit Army reserve components achievement medal with silver and bronze oak leafs Armed forces reserve medal with silver hour glass National defense service medal with bronze star Army achievement medal with 2 oak leafs Global war of terrorism service medal
In 2010, Brown faced Democratic candidate Massachusetts Attorney General Martha Coakley in a special election which occurred after the 2009 death of longtime Senator Ted Kennedy. While initially trailing Coakley by a large margin, Brown saw a sudden late surge and posted a come-from-behind win to become the first Republican elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts since Edward Brooke in 1972. Brown ran for a full Senate term in 2012, but lost to Democratic challenger Elizabeth Warren. After his defeat, Brown joined the board of directors of Kadant paper company, joined Fox News as a commentator, and joined Nixon Peabody where he provided legal services.[1][2][3]
After re-establishing residence in New Hampshire, Brown then campaigned for the U.S. Senate from New Hampshire in the 2014 elections. Brown won the Republican nomination by a significant margin, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Jeanne Shaheen in the general election.[4] In 2017, he was nominated by President Donald Trump and confirmed by the Senate as U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa.[5][6][7][8][9]
From January to August 2021, Brown served as dean of New England Law Boston, a private law school. In April 2022, Brown became head of The Competitiveness Coalition, a newly formed conservative coalition group.[10]
Early life and education (1959–1978)
Brown is of English ancestry, from a family that has been in New Hampshire since the colonial era. His earliest American ancestor was 17th century immigrant Francis Matthews, who sailed from Devonshire, England.[11] Brown is part of a 9th generation New Hampshire family[11] and was born on September 12, 1959[12] at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard located on Seavey's Island in Kittery, Maine. Brown's father, Claude Bruce Brown, and mother, Judith Ann "Judi" (née Rugg),[13][14] divorced when he was about a year old.[15] When he was a young child, his mother moved with him to Wakefield, Massachusetts.[16] He often spent his summers in Newburyport, Massachusetts, where his father served as a city councilor for 18 years. He also spent summers in Portsmouth, New Hampshire during his youth. His father and his grandfather were Republicans. His father has said that young Scott became interested in running for political office in the mid-1960s while accompanying him on a campaign for state office.[17]
Brown had a difficult childhood; after her divorce, his working mother received welfare benefits.[18] Brown experienced sexual abuse from a camp counselor who threatened to kill the 10-year-old boy if he told anyone – which he did not disclose, even to his family, until his autobiography Against All Odds (2011)[13][19] – and physical abuse from his stepfathers.[20] During various periods of his childhood, Brown lived with his grandparents and his aunt. He shoplifted many times,[20] and was arrested for stealing record albums and brought before Judge Samuel Zoll in Salem, Massachusetts at the age of 13 or 14.[21] Zoll asked Brown if his siblings would like seeing him play basketball in jail and required Brown to write a 1,500-word essay on that question as his punishment. Brown later said, "that was the last time I ever stole."[16]
He was awarded the Army Commendation Medal for meritorious service in preparing for troops mobilization for Operation Noble Eagle (the mobilization of National Guard and U.S. Army Reserve personnel to provide security on military installations, airports, and other potential homeland targets) shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and later for mobilization support for Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom of the Iraq War.[22][27] He credits his military experience with causing him to focus on veteran's issues as well as issues of war and peace.[26] He has served on the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs, the Hidden Wounds of War Commission, and the Governor's Task Force on Returning Veterans during his career as a legislator.[26]
On May 2, 2011, Brown announced that he would soon go to Afghanistan for training as part of his Army National Guard service.[28] When deployed in August 2011 for a week of training, he spent most of his time in Kabul.[29]
On August 1, 2012, Brown was promoted to colonel in a private ceremony presided over by fellow senator John McCain.[30] He officially retired from the Army on May 13, 2014, after 35 years of service, and was awarded the Legion of Merit.[31]
Modeling
In June 1982, Brown, then a 22-year-old law student at Boston College, won Cosmopolitan magazine's "America's Sexiest Man" contest. After two weeks on a crash diet of "three cans of tuna a day" and intensive workouts[20] he was featured in the magazine's centerfold, posing nude but strategically positioned so that according to Brown, "You don't see anything". In the accompanying interview, he referred to himself as "a bit of a patriot" and stated that he had political ambitions. The Cosmopolitan appearance and its $1,000 fee[26][32][33] helped pay for law school, and began for Brown a "long, lucrative" part-time catalog and print modeling career in New York and Boston during the 1980s.[34][35] Brown took a leave of absence from Boston College[36] and further pursued his modeling career in New York where he was represented by Wilhelmina Models while taking classes at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.[37] He returned to Boston, after nearly two years, to continue his studies at Boston College and continued to work as a model represented by Boston agent, Maggie Trichon of Maggie Inc.[38]
He successfully ran for the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1998, representing the 9th Norfolk District for three terms. Brown again moved up the ladder of state politics to the state Senate in March 2004 when he won a special election to replace Democrat Cheryl Jacques.[40] Brown was re-elected for a full term in November 2004, and again in November 2006, running without opposition the second time. He won re-election in November 2008, defeating Democratic candidate Sara Orozco by a 59–41 percent margin. Following his re-election, Brown was one of five Republicans in the 40-seat Massachusetts Senate. In the Massachusetts Senate, Brown served on committees dealing with consumer protection, professional licensing, education, election laws, public safety, and veterans' affairs.[24]
Brown speaking to constituents
In February 2007, a controversy arose after Brown's appearance at King Philip Regional High School in Wrentham, Massachusetts as part of a debate on gay marriage. The high school students had launched a Facebook group attack on Brown and had made a derogatory remark about his daughter, Ayla. During his presentation, Brown defended himself and his daughter by directly quoting several vulgar statements they had made and announcing the names of the students who had written the statements. Critics questioned whether Brown should have quoted the profane comments in front of a high school audience.[41]
In January 2010, The Boston Globe reported that during six terms in the Legislature, three each in the House and Senate, Brown had a modest record of legislative initiatives, but he had carved out a niche as a leading advocate for veterans. Richard Tisei of Wakefield, Massachusetts, the leader of the Republican minority in the state Senate, called Brown "the acknowledged expert on veterans' issues".[42] State Senator Jack Hart, a Democrat of South Boston, said: "He does his homework, he's comprehensive in his approach, and on veterans' issues, he's one of them and has done a very good job on their behalf."[42]
Brown lists among his achievements as a legislator his authorship of a 2007 law that created a check-off box on state income tax forms for veterans to indicate whether they served in Iraq or Afghanistan. The state uses the information to notify veterans of available services and benefits, including the Welcome Home Bonus[43] that provides $1,000 for those returning from active duty in Afghanistan or Iraq.[42]
On September 12, 2009, Brown announced his run for the U.S. Senate seat that became vacant with the death of Ted Kennedy, saying the state "needs an independent thinker".[44][45]Washington Post columnist Kathleen Parker[46] said that Brown's political positions did not fall neatly into party lines, and called Brown "mainstream in a nation that defines itself as mostly conservative".[47] Boris Shor, political scientist at the Harris School of Public Policy, described Brown as a liberal Republican by national standards, but well-suited for his Massachusetts constituency. Shor explained the support Brown was receiving from the conservative national Republican Party as due to their "decentralized decision" to support the candidate most likely to win.[48][49]
Brown won a landslide victory in the Republican primary on December 8, 2009, defeating late entrant and perennial candidate Jack E. Robinson by a margin of 89 percent to 11 percent.[50]
Brown's opponents in the general election were Democratic nominee, Attorney General Martha Coakley, and independentJoseph L. Kennedy (no relation to the Kennedy family). At the outset, he faced overwhelming odds because he was relatively unknown compared to Coakley, he was running as a Republican in a very Democratic state, and much of his campaigning had to be done during the Christmas and New Year's season when citizens do not generally pay much attention to politics.[51] No Republican had been elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts since Edward Brooke in 1972.[52] He polled far behind Coakley for several months, but closed the gap in the early weeks of January.[53][54][55][56]
One week before the January special election, a controversy arose over a Coakley approved television ad. The ad referenced the conscientious objector amendment Brown had sponsored for inclusion in a 2005 proposed state measure on patients' rights.[57] This amendment would have allowed individual healthcare workers and hospitals to refuse to provide emergency contraceptive care (the morning-after pill[58]) to rape victims if they objected due to a religious belief. After the amendment failed, Brown did vote for the main bill which, along with other patient rights, requires healthcare workers and hospitals to provide such care.[59] Coakley's ad featured a male voice that said, "Brown even favors letting hospitals deny emergency contraception to rape victims," over the ad's graphic which had the words, "Deny rape victims care".[59] Brown's daughter Ayla called the Coakley ad "completely inaccurate and misleading", and stated that her father would never deny care to a rape victim. Brown criticized Coakley for running what he described as attack ads.[59]
Brown campaigning in his truck.
In the 2010 Senate race, although Brown was not endorsed by the Greater Boston Tea Party group,[60] the group organized a fund-raising breakfast for him in Boston.[61] The Tea Party Express also endorsed Brown[62] and bought ads on the national cable networks supporting Brown.[63]
When told that at various times he has been labeled a conservative, moderate and a liberal Republican, he responded "I'm a Scott Brown Republican."[64] According to Politifact, while Brown was a Massachusetts legislator, he voted about 90 percent with the state Republican leadership;[65] however, Republican Leadership in the Massachusetts legislature is generally considered far more moderate than the national Republican Party.[66]
A week before the general election, Brown raised $1.3 million from over 16,000 donors in a 24-hour moneybomb. His campaign office stated it raised $5 million over the period from January 11–15.[67][68] Charlie Cook of the Cook Political Report stated on January 17 that he would put his "finger on the scale" for Brown as the favorite. The Rothenberg Political Report released a statement that "the combination of public and private survey research and anecdotal information now strongly suggests that Republican Scott Brown will defeat Democrat Martha Coakley in tomorrow's race."[69]Suffolk University's polling of three bellwether counties on January 18 had Brown leading Coakley by double-digit margins.[70] Brown won the January 19 election, performing well in traditional Republican strongholds and holding rival Coakley's margins down in many Democratic precincts.[71][72][73]
On election night, after Coakley conceded, Brown gave a victory speech that stated, "It all started with me, my truck, and a few dedicated volunteers. It ended with Air Force One making an emergency run to Logan. I didn't mind when President Obama came here and criticized me – that happens in campaigns. But when he criticized my truck, that's where I draw the line."[74] Brown's upset win stunned the national Democratic party,[75][76] and foreshadowed nationwide success for Republicans in 2010.[77][78]
October 2011 polling showed Brown's approvals had fallen and he faced a competitive re-election if matched against Democrat Elizabeth Warren.[79] However, his numbers in early March 2012 showed he led Warren by 8 points in the polls.[80] In March 2012, Brown's lead had narrowed to 2.3%, within the margin of error.[81] As of September 2012, several polls showed Warren with a lead over Brown (with one still giving Brown an edge).[81]
On November 6, 2012, Brown was defeated by Elizabeth Warren in the general election. by a vote of 1,696,346 (54%) to 1,458,048 (46%).[81]
After much anticipation by the media, Brown announced that he would run for U.S. Senate seat in New Hampshire. Born at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, to parents who lived near downtown Portsmouth,[11] Brown then spent his early childhood in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and later in Wakefield, Massachusetts[82] following his parents' divorce.[82][83] He has also been a taxpayer and owned a home in Rye, New Hampshire for more than two decades.[84][additional citation(s) needed] In December 2013, he sold his primary home in Massachusetts and expressed to the Rye town clerk "his intention to establish residency and register to vote".[85]
Polling done by various agencies in April and May 2014 showed incumbent Senator Jeanne Shaheen leading Brown by 3 to 5 points. A poll conducted in May by the Republican Governors Association showed Brown leading Jeanne Shaheen by 5 points.[86][87] In late August, a WMUR/UNH poll showed Shaheen leading Brown by two points, 46 to 44. Polls were mixed in the final three weeks of the election, with most showing Shaheen ahead by 1–8 percentage points, and weekly polls by NH1 News, New England College, and Vox Populi showing Brown leading by 1–4 points.[88]
Brown was defeated by Shaheen by a vote of 251,184 (51%) to 235,347 (48%).[89]
Tenure
Scott Brown's official senate photoVice President Joe Biden swears in Brown, as Senators Paul G. Kirk and John Kerry look on
Brown was sworn into office on February 4, 2010, by Vice President Joe Biden, in his capacity as President of the Senate, on the floor of the Senate.[90] As a Class I Senator, his term lasted until January 3, 2013.
Brown was among the speakers at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Washington, D.C., introducing former Massachusetts governorMitt Romney.[91] Despite his appearance at CPAC, where he alluded to his election as making "big government spenders ... [not] feel good at all", Brown refused to rule out a vote for a Democratic "jobs bill" proposal, and praised both Senate Majority LeaderHarry Reid of Nevada and then-senior Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts for indicating their willingness to work with him across party lines.[92] Brown was one of five Republican senators to vote for cloture on the jobs bill. The motion passed in the Senate 62–30 on February 22, 2010.[93] In an up or down vote on the bill itself on February 24, 2010, Brown voted for final passage, helping to pass the bill 70–28.[94]
According to The Washington Post, Brown voted with the majority of Republicans 80% of the time.[95] In the same poll, "56% of Massachusetts voters believed he had kept his promise to be an independent voice in the U.S. Senate."[96]
Brown's views on the 2011 budget cuts and his departures from Republican consensus placed him at odds with some of his fellow Republicans and prominent Tea Party conservatives, including Glenn Beck.[97] He said he opposed these measures because he believed that they would have a negative impact on low income families and children.[98]
In late June 2010, Brown was ranked as "the most popular officeholder in Massachusetts" according to a poll conducted by The Boston Globe. 55% of those polled had favorable opinions of Brown nearly five months after his January 19, 2010, special election victory to finish the term of the late Senator Edward Kennedy. 50% of respondents generally approved of how Brown had handled his new position.[99]
On March 30, 2011, the Democratic Senate Campaign Committee released a poll showing that Brown remained the "most popular politician in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with an approval rating of 73 percent." Brown's "'re-elect' score was comfortably above 50 percent, which is unusual for a Republican in an overwhelmingly Democratic state."[100]
On February 13, 2013, Fox News Channel hired Brown as an on-air contributor.[102] In February 2014, it was reported that Brown was no longer under contract with Fox News; however Brown's contract was renewed.[103][104]
Following Brown's defeat in the 2012 U.S Senate race there was wide speculation that he would run again in 2013 due to John Kerry resigning from the other Massachusetts Senate seat to become Secretary of State. However, on February 1, 2013, he ruled out undertaking a third U.S. Senate campaign in less than four years.[105]
While visiting the Iowa State Fair in August 2013, Brown stated he was considering a 2016 presidential run.[110]
On August 21, 2013, Brown, during an interview on WBZ's NightSide With Dan Rea radio program, said he would not be a candidate for Massachusetts governor in 2014.[111]
In September 2013, Brown joined the advisory board of Airtronic USA/Global Digital Solutions, a wireless communications and small arms manufacturer and exporter.[112]
In early February 2014, Brown's email list was used to promote "a video from a doctor warning against flu vaccines, fluoridated water, and excessive exercising, among other questionable medical claims."[113] The email generated news coverage. Brown subsequently cut ties with the vendor that sent the email.
On March 13, 2014, Brown began seeking campaign staff while aggressively courting New Hampshire's political elite, marking what local Republicans considered serious steps toward launching a Senate campaign against Democratic Senator Jeanne Shaheen.[114]
On April 2, 2014, a local New Hampshire station reported that Brown "confirmed and announced on NH Today that he is running for the US Senate in NH" against Democratic Incumbent Jeanne Shaheen, and would announce the next week.[115]
Post-2014 campaign
Scott Brown speaking at the 2016 First in the Nation (FITN) Town Hall hosted by the New Hampshire Republican Party
Brown had stated that win or lose in his 2014 New Hampshire Senatorial bid, he planned to remain a New Hampshire resident for the rest of his life. In January 2015, it was revealed that shortly after losing to Shaheen, Brown, age 55, filed an application to the Massachusetts State Retirement Board to claim a state pension. Brown did not rule out running for office again in the future.[116] Brown is also working as a contributor for Fox News Channel and as an on-call host for Fox & Friends. Brown served as a featured speaker at the 2015 Republican Leadership Summit in Nashua, New Hampshire.[117] Brown continues to play an active role in politics, campaigning and fundraising with senatorial and congressional candidates and meeting with Republican candidates for president in New Hampshire.[118]
In 2015, Brown used his Facebook page to promote AdvoCare, a company that uses multi-level marketing to sell nutrition, weight-loss, energy, and sports performance products.[119][120] He said that he had lost 30 pounds in 24 days on the regimen.[119][120] He later added that neither he nor his wife were "paid spokesrepresentatives for Advocare,"[119][121] although he was confirmed as being an independent representative of the company.[122]Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington has requested a Federal Trade Commission investigation of Brown's non-disclosure of financial interest in AdvoCare.[123]
In February 2016, Brown became the first current or former U.S. Senator to endorse Donald Trump's presidential election bid.[124] He introduced Trump to Anthony Scaramucci, who later briefly served as Trump's communications director.[125]
In an August 2016 sexual harassment lawsuit against Fox News, Andrea Tantaros claimed that Brown made sexually suggestive comments to her and touched her without her consent. Brown denied the allegations.[126][127]
On April 20, 2017, it was reported that Brown was nominated by President Donald Trump to be the next United States Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa.[5][6][7] He was confirmed by the Senate as Ambassador to New Zealand on June 8, 2017[8] and arrived in New Zealand on June 25.[9] He was confirmed as Ambassador to Samoa a month later.
In October 2017, the U.S. State Department advised Brown to be more culturally sensitive after he called United States Peace Corps volunteers "beautiful" and told servers at an event that they could make good money in the food service industry. The State Department conducted a review and Brown was counseled on standards of conduct for government employees.[128]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Brown used a private jet to dodge the mandatory New Zealand quarantine.[129] During this time, 112 other international diplomats used the government run quarantine facilities, which were temporarily housed in New Zealand hotels, to spend 14 days in monitored quarantine, but Brown's group of six did not. Brown's flouting of the uniform quarantine – partly credited with keeping New Zealand mostly COVID-19 free – caused a furor as was made known after Brown had returned from a "working holiday" in the U.S.[130][131][132]
Brown departed New Zealand on December 20, 2020, at the close of his term, leaving Kevin Covert as the chargé d'affaires.[133]
Post-ambassadorship
In December 2020, Brown became the dean of New England Law Boston. He had been selected for this position in November 2019, with an initial agreement being made that he would assume the position in December 2020, at the end of his commitment with the State Department to serve as ambassador.[134][135] He started his tenure as dean in January 2021. He resigned from this job in August 2021, with his resignation letter citing a difference of vision from that of the board of directors, and declaring that he would "re-engage in the political arena," by supporting,
"candidates and causes who share my vision of re-building the Republican Party and moving our country beyond partisan gridlock."[136]
Scott Brown is a moderate Republican. Brown describes himself as socially moderate and fiscally conservative. He said he is a "pro-choice moderate Republican."[137] He said that he voted 50–50 with Democrats and Republicans and said he is bipartisan.[138] He identifies himself as a "Reagan Republican". He has said, "I'm going to be the only person down there who is going to be the independent voter and thinker ... I've always been the underdog in one shape or form."[16]
The University of Chicago's Boris Schor completed an analysis of his tenure in the state legislature and concluded that his voting record was more liberal than two-thirds of Massachusetts Republican state legislators.[139] "He has supported abortion rights and come out against a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage – an issue he has said should be up to states to decide.
As a state legislator, he also supported Massachusetts' legislation to provide universal healthcare."[140] However, in 2010, Brown was endorsed by the conservative Tea Party Express.[141] After being elected, Brown said that "[he's] not a Tea Party member."[142] As a United States Senator, Congressional Quarterly found that Brown voted with President Obama's 2011 positions on legislation 69.6% of the time.[143] According to GovTrack, Brown was the third most moderate Republican Senator during his tenure in the Senate.[144] He has a lifetime 53% conservative rating from the American Conservative Union and a 50% liberal rating from the Americans for Democratic Action.[145] In 2012, the non-partisan National Journal gave him a rating of 54% conservative and 46% liberal.[145]
Fiscal policy
Brown is a signer of Americans for Tax Reform's Taxpayer Protection Pledge.[146] In a letter to the editor of The Boston Globe written on January 8, 2012, Brown wrote, "With out-of-control government spending and rising debt and deficits, politicians in Washington have proven time and time again that they cannot manage hard-earned taxpayer money responsibly. So why should we give them even more?"[147]
Brown opposed a proposed multibillion-dollar tax on banks to recoup bailout money and prescribing of bank executive compensation. Brown, discussing the proposal through a spokesperson, said that he is "opposed to higher taxes, especially in the midst of a severe recession". He also opposed it on the grounds that the tax would likely be passed onto consumers in the form of higher service and ATM fees.[148][149] In September 2010, Brown opposed a Senate bill creating a $30 billion government fund aimed at encouraging lending to small businesses. The bill combined the fund with $12 billion in new tax breaks. Brown criticized the bill for including a provision much like the Troubled Asset Relief Program, stating: "Banks making lending decisions with government funds is not the way to get our economy moving again."[150]
On December 12, 2010, The Boston Globe reported that "[c]ampaign contributions to [Brown] from the financial industry spiked sharply during a critical three-week period last summer as the fate of the Wall Street regulatory overhaul hung in the balance and Brown used the leverage of his swing vote to win key concessions sought by firms."[151] Brown received more than ten times the amount of contributions from the financial services industry as House Financial Services Committee chairman (and author of the legislation) Barney Frank during the same period.[151] According to the Globe:
Brown's efforts benefited large Massachusetts companies such as MassMutual Financial Group, Liberty Mutual Insurance, Fidelity Investments, and State Street Corp., whose executives and political action committees contributed $29,000 to Brown during the three-week period he was extracting the concessions from Democrats.
They also benefited major out-of-state institutions such as Goldman Sachs, UBS, and JPMorgan Chase. Those and other out-of-state financial interests gave Brown a total of $50,000 during the period.[151]
In December 2011, with a temporary payroll tax cut set to expire at the end of the month, the Senate considered the Middle Class Tax Cut Act of 2011, which would extend the tax cut for 113 million workers or families and fund the plan by a 3.25 percent surtax on incomes over $1 million. Brown voted against proceeding to take up the bill (i.e., voted against cloture that would end the filibuster). He announced that his opposition was to the surtax on high incomes.[152][153][154]
In 2007, Brown wrote a law establishing a check off box on State income tax forms to allow a filer to indicate if he or she is a veteran of the Iraq or Afghanistan wars. The measure's purpose is to locate and inform returning veterans of benefits they qualify for. Known as the "Welcome Home" bonus, it was passed with bipartisan support.[22] Brown also amended the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, with Senator Jack Reed (RI), to create a dedicated military liaison office within the newly formed Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which aside from defending against unscrupulous lenders, also ensures protection of military families against fraudulent life insurance policies. The measure passed the United States Senate 99 to 1.[157]
Health care
Brown supported the 2006 Massachusetts health care reform, which requires all residents to have health insurance, with a state-subsidized plan created for those who cannot afford to insure themselves. Brown opposed President Obama's health care reform plan in the form approved. He stated that the plan was fiscally unsound, and during his campaign he pledged to be the 41st vote to filibuster the bill in the Senate.[158]
Brown voted for a state measure on patients' rights that, among other provisions, requires emergency rooms to provide what is known as the morning-after pill[58] to rape victims to prevent an unwanted pregnancy from developing. In consideration of health care workers who might have a religious objection to administering this medication, Brown attached what became known as the Conscientious Objector amendment which would have exempted these workers, as well as religious hospitals, from being required to provide this medication. However, Brown's amendment also required that all hospitals still had to provide a means for the patient to receive the medication, either by providing another healthcare worker willing to administer the medication, or, in the case of religious hospitals, to provide transportation to another facility, and in a timely manner.[159] The amendment did not pass.[160] Brown remains in favor of allowing religious hospitals to refuse to provide emergency contraception on moral or religious grounds, as he stated in the January 5, 2010 candidate debate.[160][161]
Energy policy
Brown supports expanding solar, wind, and nuclear power, and offshore drilling exploration as a means to reduce the country's dependence on foreign oil.[16] But, when faced with the controversial issue of whether an offshore wind farm should be allowed in the waters off the Cape Cod coast in Massachusetts, a major tourist destination and boating location, he expressed opposition, saying he believed it would hinder tourism and boating in the area.[162]
Congressional ethics
Brown is an avid supporter of bipartisan cooperation among members of Congress. He has said that his goal in Congress is "to work in a bipartisan and bicameral manner."[163] According to a Congressional Weekly study, in 2011 Brown was the second-most bipartisan U.S. Senator, voting with his own party only 54% of the time.[164] By comparison, his partner in the Massachusetts Senate delegation, Senator John Kerry, voted with his own party 96% of the time, and the entire Massachusetts delegation to the House of Representatives voted with their party over 90% of the time.[164] This centrism, though he was also sometimes described as libertarian in his ideology, had earned him criticism from the movement conservatives some of whom considered him a RINO or insufficiently conservative.[165]
During the second half of 2011, Brown wrote the 2011 version of the STOCK Act, a move to ban insider trading in Congress. The act, which was co-written with Senator Kirsten Gillibrand (D-NY), would prohibit asset trading by members of Congress (and their staff) who have advance knowledge of their assets' behavior due to their involvement in Congress.[166] The bill was verbally supported by President Barack Obama during his third State of the Union address, and passed a major procedural hurdle in the Senate by a vote of 93–2 on January 30, 2012.[167]
Social issues
Abortion and reproductive issues
Brown has stated that Roe v. Wade is settled law and is self-described as "pro-choice" or pro-abortion rights. When the Republicans approved a stricter anti-abortion platform, Brown sent a letter to protest the decision calling it a "mistake".[168] When he ran for the Senate in New Hampshire in 2014, his campaign said that "he is pro-choice and will protect a woman's right to choose."[169] He is against intact dilation and evacuation abortions (known legally as "partial birth abortion")[170] and has spoken in favor of parental consent[16] for minors who seek an abortion. In 2005, Brown supported a 24-hour waiting requirement as well as one that women receive photographs of ultrasounds before an abortion.[171][172] In 2002, he selected the statement "abortion should always be legally available" in a questionnaire.[173] He said he would not use abortion as a litmus test in Supreme Court confirmations.[16] He opposes federal funding for elective abortion in accordance with the Hyde Amendment.[56] He supported funding for Planned Parenthood.[174] In 2012, he supported the Shaheen Amendment to allow the military to provide abortions for servicewomen who were the victims of rape or incest.[175]
As a state legislator and senator, Brown has mixed reviews from abortion rights and anti-abortion special interest groups. In 2000, he was given a 100% score from Planned Parenthood and a 0% score from Massachusetts Citizens for Life. In 2002, NARAL Pro-Choice Massachusetts gave him a 100% rating for supporting abortion rights positions. However, as a United States Senator, in 2011 he was rated 45% by NARAL Pro-Choice America and 75% by the anti-abortion group, National Right to Life.[145]
Regarding other reproductive issues, Brown says that he supports a woman's ability to access contraception and use birth control, but he did vote against requiring businesses with religious objections to provide birth control.[176] As a state legislator, he also supported stem-cell research voting for a bill that included embryonic stem-cell research in 2005.[177][178][179] He authored legislation to fund research for stem cells from umbilical cords.[180] In 2005, he broke with his party by voting with Democrats in support of a bill to allow embryonic stem cell research.[181] However, he later opposed funding for embryonic stem-cell research.[174]
Brown voted against the DREAM Act.[184] He also opposed President Obama's executive order to decrease the deportation of undocumented immigrants.[185] During his campaign for Senate, his platform included tighter regulation on immigration.[186] Brown opposed bilingual education classes in Massachusetts schools; Brown did respond to a survey and said that most undocumented immigrants should be deported but that there should be some exceptions.[187] In 2004, Brown voted to allow undocumented immigrants to receive in-state tuition, but later opposed it in 2014.[188]
As a US Senator in 2011, Scott Brown was the lead sponsor for a bipartisan resolution in Congress to apologize to Chinese Americans and Chinese immigrants for decades of discrimination, sinophobia, and violence, during the period from the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 through 1943 .[189] After the resolution passed unanimously, Brown noted to the LA Times that this "cannot undo the hurt caused by past discrimination against Chinese immigrants, but it is important that we acknowledge the wrongs that were committed many years ago".
In 2012, Brown introduced legislation to give 10,500 employee visas to Irish immigrants.[190][191] He argued that the Irish had fallen behind in the US immigration system.[192] The Federation for American Immigration Reform, which seeks to reduce legal as well as illegal immigration, gave Brown a 100% rating in 2010 and Numbers USA, another PAC which seeks to restrict legal immigration, gave Brown an overall 32% rating.[145]
Gun policy
Following the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in December 2012, Brown became the first Republican Senator to support a federal ban on assault weapons.[193] During campaigning in September 2014, he said he would not propose new legislation if he returned to Congress and would listen to all viewpoints if others presented a bill.[194]
In 2008, Brown had an A rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA), but received a 43% score in 2012.[145] In 2014, Gun Owners of America gave him a 30% grade and New Hampshire Firearms Coalition gave him a 14% rating; both groups are supportive of gun rights and oppose gun control.[145]
Drug policy
After the Massachusetts Sensible Marijuana Policy Initiative was passed in 2008 and subsequently implemented, he proposed in the State Senate to enact higher fines for "drugged driving".[195] In 2012, he opposed a state initiative to legalize the use of medicinal marijuana in Massachusetts.[196] He also said efforts should be made to end drug trade in Afghanistan.[197]
Same-sex marriage and LGBT rights
Brown voted for a 2004 state constitutional amendment to define marriage as between "one man and one woman" and which would have established civil unions.[198] In 2007, Brown explained that he was opposed to gay marriage but also pointed "out that he does support civil unions for same-sex couples."[199] Brown refers to the currently legalized same-sex marriage in New Hampshire and Massachusetts as a settled issue, which he does not wish to change.[26] Brown has said he personally believes marriage is between a man and a woman, but would still oppose a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage.[200] He is in favor of civil unions.[16][201] He opposes ending the Defense of Marriage Act, but otherwise favors leaving the issue to the states to decide.[56] After initially claiming neutrality on "don't ask, don't tell", the ban on openly gay military personnel,[202] he joined a handful of Republicans who broke with their party to repeal the ban in December 2010.[203][204] In 2012, he voted in favor of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act which included provisions to assist victims regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity and which prohibited its funds from being given to programs that discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.[205] He was one of 15 Republicans in the Senate who voted in favor of the re-authorization.
When asked about same-sex marriage, he focused on the economy; "Brown said the economic challenges in regards to jobs, healthcare and college tuition affect both straight and gay couples and that is what he is working to address."[206] In 2012, his campaign said "Senator Brown is a supporter of civil unions, but believes that marriage is between a man and a woman. He believes that individual states are best positioned to decide whether to allow gay marriage, and he does not support a 'one size fits all' approach from the federal government."[198]
He was endorsed by Log Cabin Republicans which supports same-sex marriage and other gay rights.[207] The Log Cabin Republicans gave him their top award after he voted to repeal DADT.[208] The Human Rights Campaign (HRC), an advocacy group which measures support for LGBT rights, has given Brown mixed ratings. In 2010, the HRC gave him a 33% score and in 2012 he was given a 55% score.[145] The American Civil Liberties Union, which supports gay rights among other civil rights causes, gave Brown a rating of 50% in 2012.[209]
Crime and security
Brown supports strengthening New Hampshire sex offender penalties,[182] the death penalty,[156] the right to bear arms (with some restrictions such as licenses and background checks) and strengthening border enforcement and creating an employment verification system with penalties for companies that hire illegal immigrants.[182]
Brown has received the Public Servant of the Year Award from the United Chamber of Commerce for his leadership in reforming the state's sex offender laws and protecting victims' rights.[213] Brown's family has helped raise funds for such non-profit organizations as Horace Mann Educational Associates (HMEA, Inc.), Wrentham Developmental Center, Charles River Arc, and the Arc of Northern Bristol County, all for the care and support of those with developmental disabilities. He has also been recognized by the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) for his work in creating an environment that encourages job growth and expansion in Massachusetts.[214]The Boston Globe selected Brown as the 2010 Bostonian of the Year, citing his "profound impact on national politics in the last year".[215]
Besides their primary home in Rye, New Hampshire, the couple owns three rental condos in Boston, and a timeshare on the Caribbean island of Aruba.[222][223]
Brown plays guitar in his spare time, and as of February 2014 had appeared on stage multiple times with American power pop band Cheap Trick as a guest musician.[226] Brown is currently playing guitar with his band "Scott Brown and the Diplomats."[227]
Brown coached his local Rye, New Hampshire, junior high school boys basketball team in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons before returning to the coaching in 2021.[228]
^Weber, Gretchen; Franco Ordonez; Emma Stickgold; Lisa Kocian (March 24, 2004). "Preservation plan on tap". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 9, 2010.
^The GBTP website states: "Please note that while a few Tea Party groups across the nation have endorsed either Brown or Kennedy, the Greater Boston Tea Party has not endorsed either. We are encouraging you to get informed, make your own decision and then get involved."C Varley (January 7, 2010). "Massachusetts Special Senate Election Update". What's Brewing. Greater Boston Tea Party. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010.
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2016. SD Negeri Karangasem IInformasiJenisSekolah NegeriKepala SekolahDrs. Heru PrasetyoRentang kelasI - VIAlamatLokasiRt 01 Rw Iv Kl. Karangasem, Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, IndonesiaMoto SD Negeri Karangasem I, merupakan salah satu Sekolah Dasar ...
جبال الالب الجوليانيه البلد [1] التقسيم الاعلى سلوفينيا إحداثيات جغرافيه 46°22′00″N 13°49′00″E / 46.36666667°N 13.81666667°E / 46.36666667; 13.81666667 [2] الارتفاع الطول العرض المساحه تعديل بوابة جغرافيا جبال الالب الجوليانيه (Julian Alps) هيا نجد و سلسله جبليه فى سلوفينيا. المكان جب...
This article is about a categorized branch of economic activity. For large-scale production and its effects, see Manufacturing and Industrial society. For other uses, see Industry (disambiguation). Economic branch that produces raw materials, goods and/or services Cement factories, part of the manufacturing industry, produce product for the construction industry (also known as the building industry). This factory was in Malmö, Sweden. Burj al Arab as a symbol for the hospitality industry An ...
Film Titel La Llorona Produktionsland Guatemala, Frankreich Originalsprache Spanisch Erscheinungsjahr 2019 Länge 97 Minuten Stab Regie Jayro Bustamante Drehbuch Jayro Bustamante,Lisandro Sanchez Produktion Jayro Bustamante,Gustavo Matheu Musik Pascual Reyes Kamera Nicolás Wong Schnitt Jayro Bustamante,Gustavo Matheu Besetzung Julio Díaz: Enrique Monteverde Margarita Kenéfic: Carmen Monteverde María Mercedes Coroy: Alma Sabrina De La Hoz: Natalia Juan Pablo Olyslager: Letona María Tel
Dalam Legendarium J.R.R. Tolkien, Nargothrond (Sindarin portmanteau dari Narog-Ost-Rond, Benteng bawah tanah yang hebat di sungai Narog, disebut Nulukkhizdin oleh Kurcaci) adalah benteng besar yang dibangun oleh Finrod Felagund (Penatah Gua) selama masa Zaman Pertama di Dunia Tengah. Kerajaan Nargothrond terdiri dari kota bawah tanah yang digali di tepi sungai Narog di Beleriand, dan tanah di utara, Talath Dirnen atau Dataran Yang Dijaga. Terinspirasi oleh gua-gua kota Menegroth yang rumit da...
Japanese fortress in Echizen Province Battle of FujishimaPart of the Nanboku-chō WarsFujishima Shrine monument to where Nitta Yoshisada's helmet was foundDateAugust 1338LocationNear Kuromaru fortress, Echizen Province, Japan36°5′17.84″N 136°12′33.43″E / 36.0882889°N 136.2092861°E / 36.0882889; 136.2092861Result Northern Court victoryBelligerents Northern Court Southern CourtCommanders and leaders Hosokawa Akiuji Nitta Yoshisada †Strength Unknown...
2018 singing voice synthesizer Vocaloid 5Vocaloid 5 on macOSOriginal author(s)Yamaha CorporationDeveloper(s)Yamaha CorporationInitial releaseJuly 12, 2018Stable release5.5.0 / May 18, 2020 Operating systemMicrosoft WindowsmacOSAvailable inJapanese, English, Spanish, Korean, ChineseTypeVoice Synthesizer SoftwareLicenseProprietaryWebsitewww.vocaloid.com/en/ Vocaloid 5 is a singing voice synthesizer and successor to Vocaloid 4 in the Vocaloid series. It was succeeded by Vocaloid 6. History On Ju...
Кубок Первого канала 2013(Лето) Число участников 4 Итоговая расстановка Победитель «Динамо» (Киев) Финалист «Спартак» (Москва) Третье место «Зенит» (Санкт-Петербург) Четвёртое место «Шахтёр» (Донецк) Статистика турнира Сыграно матчей 12 (из 12) Объединённый суперкубок 2014 О...
Agency of India from 1944 to 1947 Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States AgencyAgency of India1944–1947Map of the area of the Baroda, Western India and Gujarat States AgencyArea • 193158,825 km2 (22,712 sq mi)Population • 1931 8980811 HistoryHistory • Merger of Baroda and Gujarat States Agency and Western India States Agency 1944• Independence of India 1947 Preceded by Succeeded by Baroda and Gujarat States Agency Western India Sta...
Li Qun力群BornHao Lichun (郝丽春)1912Lingshi County, Shanxi, ChinaDied10 February 2012 (aged 100)Chaoyang District, Beijing, ChinaOccupationArtist Li QunChinese力群TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinLì QúnIPA[lî tɕʰy̌n] Li Qun (Chinese: 力群; born Hao Lichun (Chinese: 郝丽春); 1912 – 10 February 2012)[1] was a Chinese artist known for his woodcuts. Early life A native of Lingshi County, Shanxi, Li attended the Hangzhou Na...
2000 book by historian William B. Pickett Eisenhower Decides to Run: Presidential Politics and Cold War Strategy AuthorWilliam B. PickettCountryUnited StatesGenreNon-fictionPublisherIvan R. DeePublication date2000ISBN1-56-663787-2OCLC43953970 Eisenhower Decides to Run: Presidential Politics and Cold War Strategy is a 2000 book by historian William B. Pickett, a professor (now emeritus) at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute, Indiana. It follows his 1995 Eisenhower biography Dwi...
Chinese politician For other people named Xu Lin, see Xu Lin (born 1963). This article may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help improve it by rewriting it in a balanced fashion that contextualizes different points of view. (January 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In this Chinese name, the family name is Xu. Xu LinTraditional Chinese許琳Simplified Chinese许琳TranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinXǔ LínWade–Gil...
1st episode of the 1st season of Ugly Betty PilotUgly Betty episodeBetty Suarez before her interview for fashion magazine MODE.Episode no.Season 1Episode 1Directed byRichard ShepardWritten bySilvio HortaProduction code101Original air dateSeptember 28, 2006 (2006-09-28)Guest appearance 15 Michael Urie as Marc St. James William Abadie as Phillippe Michel Kevin Sussman as Walter Gina Gershon as Fabia Lupita Ferrer as Rich Latina Abigail Forman as Charmaine Ava Gaudet as Gina ...
American immunologist (born 1940) Fauci redirects here. For the 2021 documentary film, see Fauci (film). For other people sharing this surname, see Fauci (surname). Anthony FauciFauci in 20232nd Chief Medical Advisor to the PresidentIn officeJanuary 20, 2021 – December 31, 2022PresidentJoe BidenPreceded byRonny JacksonSucceeded byVacant5th Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesIn officeNovember 2, 1984 – December 31, 2022DeputyJames HillJoh...
هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (يوليو 2019) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة ...
No debe confundirse con Anexo:Intendentes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Jefe de Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires Jorge Macri Desde el 7 de diciembre de 2023Titular de Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos AiresSede Casa de Gobierno Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, ArgentinaResidencia Residencia PrivadaDuración 4 años, renovable una vez consecutivaDesignado por Proceso electoralSuplente Vicejefe de GobiernoCreación 1883 (intendencia); 1996 (jefatura de gobierno)Primer titular Tor...
El Real Osnovni podaci Država Meksiko Savezna država Michoacán Opština Madero Stanovništvo Stanovništvo (2014.) 28[1] Geografija Koordinate 19°13′38″N 101°05′32″W / 19.22722°N 101.09222°W / 19.22722; -101.09222 Vremenska zona UTC-6, leti UTC-5 Nadmorska visina 886[1] m El RealEl Real na karti Meksika El Real je naselje u Meksiku, u saveznoj državi Michoacán, u opštini Madero. Prema proceni iz 2014. godine u naselju je živelo...
_at_Seacoast_Harley_Davidson_in_North_Hampton_NH_on_July_16th_2015_by_Michael_Vadon_01.jpg)
_Town_Hall_hosted_by_the_New_Hampshire_Republican_Party.jpg)
