Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality

Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality
Purpose	assess personality disorder

The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) is a self-reporting questionnaire for assessment of personality disorders (Axis II of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) ^[1] introduced in 1993 by Lee Anna Clark. ^[2] It is not to be confused with SNAP-IV — the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, rev. 4.^[3]

Initially it was compiled from the DSM-III criteria. The questions are grouped into 15 scales. Twelve of them assess maladaptive personality: mistrust, self-harm, eccentric perceptions, aggression, manipulativeness, entitlement, detachment, exhibitionism, dependency, impulsivity, workaholism, propriety, and three assess rather broad traits: negative temperament, positive temperament, disinhibition, ^[4] The convergence of SNAP with other independently developed tests, such as DAPP-BQ (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology—Basic Questionnaire), are noted in literature.^{[citation needed][5]}

One study provided some evidence for the test-retest reliability and predictive validity.^[6]

References

1. John M. Oldham, Andrew E. Skodol, Donna S. Bender (2005) "The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook Of Personality Disorders", ISBN 1-58562-159-5 p. 96
2. Clark, L. A. (1993). The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP). Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press.
3. David Shaffer, Christopher P. Lucas, John Edward Richters (eds.) (1999) "Diagnostic Assessment in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology", ISBN 1-57230-502-9, p. 110
4. W. John Livesley (1999) "Handbook of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment", ISBN 1-57230-629-7 p. 24
5. Crego, Cristina; Widiger, Thomas A (2020). "The convergent, discriminant, and structural relationship of the DAPP-BQ and SNAP with the ICD-11, DSM–5, and FFM trait models". Psychological Assessment. 32 (1): 18–28. doi:10.1037/pas0000757. PMID 31328932. S2CID 198135875 – via APA PsycInfo.
6. Melley, Alison H.; Thomas F. Oltmanns; Eric Turkheimer (June 2002). "The Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (Snap) Temporal Stability and Predictive Validity of the Diagnostic Scales". Assessment. 9 (2). Sage: 181–187. doi:10.1177/10791102009002009. PMC 4364132. PMID 12066833.