Khayloyev began playing football with Tver at the age of 6, and moved to the youth academy of Zenit in 2019.[1] On 14 January 2021, he signed his first professional contract with Zenit.[2] In 2021, he debuted with Zenit-2 in the Russian Second League. In September 2023, he terminated his contract with Zenit-2 in order to represent Tajikistan internationally, as foreign players were not allowed to play in the division.[3] He shortly after signed with Tyumen.[4]
Born in Russia, Khayloyev is of Tajik descent through his father.[6] He debuted with the senior Tajikistan national team in a friendly 2–0 win over Malaysia on 17 October 2023.[7]