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Royal Edinburgh Hospital
Royal Edinburgh Hospital
NHS Lothian
	Mackinnon House at the heart of the hospital
	Shown in Edinburgh
Geography
Location	Edinburgh, Scotland.
Coordinates	55°55′39″N 3°12′56″W / 55.9274°N 3.2155°W
Organisation
Type	Psychiatric hospital
History
Opened	1809
Links
Website	www.nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk/GoingToHospital/Locations/REH/Pages/default.aspx
Other links	List of hospitals in Scotland

The Royal Edinburgh Hospital is a psychiatric hospital in Morningside Place, Edinburgh, Scotland. It is managed by NHS Lothian.^[1]

History

The "foundational myth" has it that the hospital was founded by Dr Andrew Duncan, following the death of Robert Fergusson, a Scottish poet who died in 1774 following mental health problems caused by a head injury.^[2] Duncan wanted to establish a hospital in Edinburgh that would care for the mentally ill of the city and after launching an appeal in 1792 a grant of £2,000 was approved by Parliament in 1806.^[2] A royal charter was granted by King George III in 1807 and the facility was then established as a public body.^[3] A villa in Morningside, along with four acres of land, was then purchased and in 1809 the foundation stone was laid^[4] by Lord Provost William Coulter on 8 June 1809.^[5] The facility was opened as the Edinburgh Lunatic Asylum in 1813.^[6]

The asylum originally consisted of a building called East House which accepted only paying patients, but a second building called West House, designed by William Burn and commissioned to intended to accommodate poorer patients, opened in 1842.^[7] The inmates of Edinburgh's bedlam were later admitted in 1844.^[8]

The asylum's first Physician Superintendent Dr William MacKinnon, who took up the post in 1840,^[9] encouraged patients to be active through skills and hobbies they already possessed, including gardening, pig farming, carpentry, sewing, tailoring, poultry keeping, and curling.^[8]^[7] Shortly thereafter, in 1845, the asylum installed a printing press and the hospital began to produce a monthly magazine, the Morningside Mirror.^[7] The hospital received Royal Patronage in 1841 and became the Royal Edinburgh Lunatic Asylum.^[10]

The hospital joined the National Health Service in 1948 and the Andrew Duncan Clinic opened in 1965.^[11] A 15 tonne work known as Abraham was carved in granite by sculptor Ronald Rae in the grounds of the hospital in 1982^[12] and the Rivers Centre, a clinic for the treatment of Posttraumatic stress disorder established in memory of the pioneering psychiatrist William Rivers, opened in 1997.^[13]

A modern hospital on the same site was procured under the Scottish government's non-profit distributing model in January 2015.^[14]^[15] The first phase of the new hospital was built by Morrison Construction at a cost of £45 million and completed in January 2017.^[16]

Pinel Memorial

The Pinel Memorial was erected in 1926 to commemorate the centenary of the death of Philippe Pinel, a pioneer of psychiatric care. It includes six bronze medallion heads to other principal figures in improving conditions: William Tuke, Florence Nightingale, Robert Gardiner Hill, Andrew Duncan, Dorothea Lynde Dix and Campbell Clark.^[17]

Notable staff

Notable staff have included:

David Skae was appointed as the Physician Superintendent of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum in 1846, and he held this title until 1872.^[18]
Sir Thomas Clouston succeeded David Skae as Physician Superintendent in 1873 and remained in post until 1908.^[19]^[20]
Sir John Sibbald FRSE was Deputy Commissioner from 1870 to 1879 and as Commissioner from 1879 to 1899.^[20]
Dr Campbell Clark was assistant to Clouston before leaving to head the newly built Hartwood Hospital.^[21]

References

^ "Royal Edinburgh Hospital". NHS Lothian. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Royal Edinburgh Hospital History". www.nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2018. The story has been contested by a number of modern scholars - see e.g. Barfoot, Michael. "Contested Charity: Andrew Duncan and the Edinburgh Lunatic Asylum, 1792-1828". (Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Archives, DEP/BAM/2.)
^ LHSA. "Royal charter of the Royal Edinburgh Hospital". www.lhsa.lib.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
^ LHSA. "Royal Edinburgh Hospital collection summary". www.lhsa.lib.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
^ Grant's Old and New Edinburgh vol.5 p.39
^ "Our Organisation: About Us: Our History: Royal Edinburgh Hospital History". www.nhslothian.scot.nhs.uk. NHS Lothian. 1 June 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c LHSA. "Royal Edinburgh Hospital history". www.lhsa.lib.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
^ ^a ^b NHS Lothian (July 2010). "The Royal Edinburgh Hospital: A guide for patients, relatives and carers" (PDF). Retrieved 14 November 2018.
^ Minutes of the Managers of the Royal Edinburgh Asylum, 29 January 1840 (LHS Archives, LBH 7.1.2)
^ Minutes of the Managers of the Edinburgh Lunatic Asylum, 5 February 1841 (LHS Archives, LBH 7.1.2)
^ "Royal Edinburgh Hospital". Historic Hospitals. 26 April 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ "Abraham". Ronald Rae. 5 September 2009. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
^ "Rivers Centre" (PDF). NHS Lothian. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ "Galliford Try closes on £45m Edinburgh hospital". Building. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ "Nicola Sturgeon hails £400m hospital fund". BBC News. 2 November 2014. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
^ "NHS Lothian gets keys to Royal Edinburgh Hospital". Building Better Healthcare. 3 January 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "View of Philippe Pinel Memorial, in grounds of Royal Edinburgh Hospital (1226031)". Canmore. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
^ BARFOOT, MICHAEL (October 2009). "David Skae: Resident Asylum Physician; Scientific General Practitioner of Insanity". Medical History. 53 (4): 469–488. doi:10.1017/s002572730000051x. ISSN 0025-7273. PMC 2766139. PMID 19876510.
^ Bewley, Thomas. "Online archive 9: Thomas Smith Clouston (1840-1915)" (PDF). Royal College of Psychiatrists. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
^ ^a ^b Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X.
^ Obituary of Campbell Clark, BMJ, 14 December 1901