Rolf Peterson (born 11 May 1944) is a retired Swedish sprint canoeist. He competed in the K-1 1000 m event at the 1964, 1968 and 1972 Olympics and won a gold medal in 1964 and a silver in 1972, finishing fifth in 1968. At the world championships Peterson won two gold and one silver medals in K-2 events in 1970–1971, all with Lars Andersson.[1][2] He was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 1964 and served as the Swedish Olympic flag bearer in 1968.[3]