In September 1942 it was a target, along with the Italian airfield at Kalathos, of Operation Anglo. This was a combined British and Greek Commando operation which successfully destroyed at least 20 Italian aircraft at Maritsa.
After the war, it became the main airport for the island until 1977, when the new Rhodes International Airport was opened.
During the summer a fire bombing helicopter is also hosted, supplemented in 2022 by two Air Tractor AT-802F Fire Boss Amphibious Scooper Air Tankers. [1].
On 13 July 2022 a Mil Mi-8 firefighting helicopter based at Maritsa flew to Samos to support firefighting efforts on the island. It crashed into the sea off Samos with the loss of two crew members. [2]
The airport runway has also been used by local clubs for car and motorbike races, mostly off season.