Retinosaurus

Retinosaurus Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, (early Albian), 110 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
(a) Photograph of the specimen in amber and (b-e) HRCT rendering of the integument
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Superfamily:	Scincoidea
Genus:	†Retinosaurus Čerňanský et al., 2022
Species:	†R. hkamtiensis
Binomial name
†Retinosaurus hkamtiensis Čerňanský et al., 2022

Retinosaurus (meaning "amber lizard") is an extinct genus of scincomorph lizard from the Early Cretaceous of Myanmar. The genus contains a single species, Retinosaurus hkamtiensis, known from a specimen preserved in amber.^[1]

Life restoration of the holotype individual before being trapped in amber

Discovery and naming

The holotype specimen, GRS 29689, was legally obtained from a Myanmar gem dealer in 2019. It was subsequently announced in a preprint in October 2021,^[2] and validly described as a new genus and species of lizard by Čerňanský et al. in January 2022.^[1]

The fossil was discovered in the Hkamti amber site of Myanmar, which dates to the early Albian, approximately 110 million years ago. The holotype, which represents a juvenile individual, includes a well-preserved articulated skull, partial postcrania, and skin impressions. In addition to the lizard fossil material, the amber also contains several coleopterans.^[1]

The generic name, "Retinosaurus", is derived from the Greek words "retine", referring to liquid resins created by trees, and "saurus", meaning "lizard". The specific name, "hkamtiensis", references Hkamti, the type locality.^[1]

Classification

In all but one of the phylogenetic analyses performed by Čerňanský et al. (2022), Retinosaurus was recovered as a Pan-xantusiid. Most phylogenies resulted with Retinosaurus as a sister taxon to a clade formed by Tepexisaurus + Xantusiidae. Because the holotype represents an immature individual, the authors explain that any phylogenetic results should be treated with caution. Their results are displayed in the cladogram below:^[1]

Lacertoidea Toxicofera †Parmeosaurus scutatus †Paramacellodus oweni †Carusia intermedia †Myrmecodaptria microphagosa †Eoxanta lacertifrons †Globaura venusta †Hymenosaurus clarki Scincidae Cordyloidea †Retinosaurus hkamtiensis †Tepexisaurus tepexii Xantusiidae Cricosaura typica (Cuban night lizard) Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Yellow-spotted tropical night lizard) Xantusia vigilis (Desert night lizard) †Palaeoxantusia fera †Palepidophyma kyrentos †Catactegenys solaster

References

1. Čerňanský, Andrej; Stanley, Edward L.; Daza, Juan D.; Bolet, Arnau; Arias, J. Salvador; Bauer, Aaron M.; Vidal-García, Marta; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Peretti, Adolf M.; Aung, Nyi Nyi; Evans, Susan E. (2022-01-31). "A new Early Cretaceous lizard in Myanmar amber with exceptionally preserved integument". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 1660. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.1660C. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-05735-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8803969. PMID 35102237.
2. Čerňanský, Andrej; Stanley, Edward L.; Daza, Juan D.; Bolet, Arnau; Arias, J. Salvador; Bauer, Aaron M.; Vidal-García, Marta; Bevitt, Joseph J.; Peretti, Adolf M.; Aung, Nyi Nyi; Evans, Susan E. (2021-10-11). "A New Early Cretaceous lizard in Myanmar Amber with Exceptionally Preserved Integument". Research Square. doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-952564/v1. hdl:1983/ddc7e088-4cc5-4771-94dc-cfb80e080db1. S2CID 242507446.