Molten iron is blown in an Eastern Bessemer converter to change it to steel for war essentials, 1941
Republic Steel is an American steel manufacturer that was once the country's third largest steel producer. It was founded as the Republic Iron and Steel Company in Youngstown, Ohio in 1899. After rising to prominence during the early 20th Century, Republic suffered heavy economic losses and was eventually bought out before re-emerging in the early 2000s as a subsidiary. The company currently manufactures Special Bar Quality (SBQ) steel bars and employs around 2,000 people. It is currently owned by Grupo Simec, based in Guadalajara, Mexico.
Corporate history
Origins and rise to prominence
In 1927, Cyrus S. Eaton acquired and combined Republic with several other small steel companies, with the goal of becoming large enough to rival U.S. Steel. The newly named Republic Steel Corporation was headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, and became America's third largest steel company, trailing only U.S. Steel and Bethlehem Steel after acquiring Bourne-Fuller Company and the Central Alloy Steel Company (located in Massillon, Ohio) in the 1930s.
In April 1937 Republic acquired all assets and debts of the Gulf States Steel Company for 2+1/3 shares of Republic stock for each share of Gulf Steel stock. This was the first time Republic controlled steel making and rolling facilities in the South in its new Gulf State district in Gadsden, Alabama, to complement its mine and pig iron production facilities in the company's Birmingham district.[1]
Tom M. Girdler became the first chairman of the board of directors. Eaton hired Girdler from Jones and Laughlin Steel Company, where he had served as president. Girdler modernized Republic Steel with the introduction of better alloys such as "light steel".[2] During World War II, while still chairman of Republic Steel, Girdler relocated to California to serve as chief executive officer of Consolidated Aircraft, a military aircraft manufacturer.[3] Following the war, Girdler left Consolidated to run Republic's aviation department.
Republic Steel was known for its labor problems during the Depression. On Memorial Day, May 26, 1937, a strike escalated into the Memorial Day massacre of 1937, in which Chicago police fired into an unarmed group of protesters, and killed ten, four outright.[4][5][6] This was documented by the 1937 short film Republic Steel Strike Riot Newsreel Footage. Girdler never signed the labor contract.
Female workers leave the Republic Steel plant in Buffalo, New York in 1943.
When Girdler retired in 1945, Charles M. White was named chairman of the company. White was a protégé of Girdler's at Jones & Laughlin Steel, and was appointed assistant vice president in charge of operations at Republic Steel in May 1930.[7] Five years later, when Girdler was appointed president of Republic Steel, White was promoted to take over Girdler's role as vice president of operations.[8] In 1945, White was elected president of Republic Steel by the company's board of directors. He replaced Rufus Wysor, who retired.[9] In 1960, at the age of 70, Charles M. White retired as chairman of Republic Steel. He remained on the board of directors until 1966,[10] and was given the title of honorary chairman.[11]
Thomas Patton, a private attorney who worked on the merger that formed Republic Steel was hired in 1936 to form Republic's internal legal department. As general counsel in the 1930s and 1940s, he negotiated with workers on behalf of management during the steel strikes. He went on to become president, then chief executive and chairman.
Old Republic Steel logo
Innovations
Republic Steel built a steel rolling mill in 1958 in Cotorro, Cuba. Plant manager Ernest Breedlove fled Cuba with his new Cuban bride when Fidel Castro confiscated the plant and shipped the newly installed machinery to the Soviet Union.[12][13] Breedlove built another modern plant for Compania Fundidora de Fierro y Acero de Monterrey, S. A. in Monterrey Mexico[14] and later pioneered the mini-mill concept at Nucor Steel.
Republic Steel was one of the last major steel firms to use low-phosphorus Adirondackmagnetites, operating the Chateaugay Ore & Iron Company in Lyon Mountain, New York from 1939 to 1967. The Chateaugay mine was one of the deepest commercial iron ore mines in the United States, with stopes as much as 3,500 feet (1,050 m) below the surface.
Decline, merger, and re-launch
Republic Steel remained prosperous until the 1970s, when rising foreign imports, labor costs, and other factors caused severe stress at Republic and throughout the steel industry in the U.S.
In 1984, Republic merged into the Jones and Laughlin Steel subsidiary of the LTV Corporation, with the new entity being known as LTV Steel. An employee stock ownership plan bought LTV's steel bar division and renamed it Republic Engineered Steels in 1989. In 1998, Republic Engineered Steels merged with Bar Technologies to become Republic Technologies International. Republic Engineered Products was established in December 2003 with the purchase of operating assets from Republic Engineered Products LLC. In July 2005 RES was acquired by Industrias CH, S.A de C.V. (ICH). In September 2011 RES changed its name to Republic Steel.[15]
Recent corporate history
In April 2014, the company agreed to pay a $2.4 million fine to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and agreed to "settle alleged health and safety violations" at four Republic Steel facilities—in Canton, Lorain and Massillon in Ohio, and in Blasdell, New York. OSHA said they found over 100 violations of health and safety at the facilities run by Republic.[16]
In August 2023, Republic Steel has announced it will "indefinitely idle" steelmaking operations in Canton and Lackawanna, New York, ending leaded steel production in the United States.
About 500 steelworkers will be furloughed indefinitely, owner Grupo Simec said Thursday. Republic Steel, which is headquartered in Canton, is a subsidiary of the Mexican company. They are leading suppliers of special bar quality steel (SBQ) and the only producers of leaded steel in North America.
Jaime Vigil, a Republic Steel board member and executive advisor, said Grupo Simec exhausted all other options before deciding to idle operations.
“We’re facing an extremely challenging SBQ market in the U.S., with competitive market pricing and decreased demand," he said in a prepared statement. "At the same time, we’ve had to deal with increasing input costs on all raw materials, consumables, and labor, all as a result of the inflationary environment in the U.S. over the past year.”
Grupo Simec stated that U.S. customers will be served without interruption by its steel mill in Tlaxcala, Mexico.
Grupo Simec said that the company invested $10 million in the Canton facility over the past several years to comply with environmental regulations, particularly the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for lead.
"Although Republic Steel has, for the past two years, remained in strict compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for the production of leaded steel, ensuring future environmental compliance while producing steel in facilities that are up to 125 years old proved to be too challenging," according to the company's announcement. "As a result, Grupo Simec felt it would be most environmentally responsible to do so at its new, state-of-the-art mill in Tlaxcala."
Vigil said the move is the only way to reliably supply steel products at a competitive price point. He thanked the U.S. steelworkers for their contributions.
"Republic Steel employees are hard-working and dedicated," he said in the prepared statement. "Their roots date back to the late 1800s. They’re an important reason this company has been a leader in this industry for so long."
^Borth, Christy. Masters of Mass Production, pp. 1103, 114–16, 248–51, Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, IN, 1945.
^Borth, Christy. Masters of Mass Production, pp. 252, 257–8, Bobbs-Merrill Co., Indianapolis, IN, 1945.
^Ahmed WhiteThe Last Great Strike: Little Steel, the CIO, and the Struggle for Labor Rights in New Deal America. Oakland: University of California, 2016, pp. 130–146.
^Bernstein, Irving. The Turbulent Years: A History of the American Worker, 1933–1941. Reprint ed. Chicago, Ill.: Haymarket Books, 2010, p. 487-490.
^Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, pp. 108–9, 140, Random House, New York, NY, 2012. ISBN978-1-4000-6964-4.
^"C.M. White With Republic Steel." New York Times. May 5, 1930.
^Thomas, Jr., Robert McG. "Charles White, Former Chairman of Republic Steel, Dies in Florida." New York Times. January 11, 1977.
^"Charles M. White New President Of Republic Steel Corporation." New York Times. May 10, 1945.
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