Reinhold Georg Schmaeling (German: Reinhold Georg Schmaeling, 1840–1917) was a Baltic German architect of the city of Riga during years 1879 to 1915.
Schmaeling is notable in the history of Riga for his unique style of red brick architecture. From his architectural drawings, almost 100 buildings have been built in Riga, including 25 schools, 3 hospitals, 5 fire departments, 2 markets, night shelters, kindergartens, administrative buildings, cultural institutions, sports and religious buildings, barracks and residential buildings, which are integral to today's architectural environment of Riga.[1]
Reinhold Georg Schmaeling was born in 1840 in Riga, Governorate of Livonia in a Baltic German family. He received his first education in a private primary school in Riga. In 1854, at age 14, Schmaeling went to Saint Petersburg to study mechanical engineering at the Institute of Technology, but had to leave because of his health. He then attended Larin Gymnasium (Russian: Ларинская гимназия) and, since 1856, a drawing class at the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he became more and more interested in the subject, and in 1858 he entered the Department of Architecture of the Academy of Arts.[3]
From 1860 to 1862, in addition to his studies, Schmaeling worked for the architect and professor Ludwig Bohnstedt, who is known as the author of many public buildings in Finland, Russia, Germany and elsewhere, including the Riga National Theater (now Latvian National Opera).[3]
Later, he received a travel grant 'pension' from his faculty, which made possible for their students to improve their professional skills abroad for four years. Subsequently, in 1869, when Schmaeling went to study in Germany, he married Marie Eveline von Tiesenhausen and they had a son Willy, who died prematurely of diphtheria. Then Schmaeling spent the next three years with his family in Italy.[3]
Since 1873, Schmaeling had been working in Saint Petersburg, then for a while in Crimea, but since 1877 - again in Saint Petersburg, in the Department of Apanage. During this time, Schmaeling also led the arrangement of the Russian pavilion at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair. In 1874, a son, Woldemar, was born into the Schmaeling family, and in 1877, son Alexander.[3]
In 1879, Schmaeling accepted an invitation to become an architect of the city of Riga, becoming a successor of architect Johann Daniel Felsko. Returning to his hometown, he dedicated most of his creative life for it - 36 years. At the beginning of the 20th century, when most of the buildings designed by Schmaeling were built, several other architects also worked in his office - Leopold Riemer, Rudolph Tode, Boris von Bock, Nikolai Nord and Gottfriedt Croon, who are not the only co-authors of Schmaeling's work.[3]
In 1915, Schmaeling retired and two years later, in 1917 he died and was buried in the Great Cemetery of Riga.[3]
Alexander (1877-1961),[4] the son of Reinhold Schmaeling, was also a well-known Art Nouveau architect in Riga. Alexander's grandson Anthony Zbigniew was also an architect who lived in the Istrian peninsula in Croatia.[3]
School built in 1912, located in Kalnciema iela 118Old main building of Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University HospitalRiga 2nd hospital (1910)Agenskalns market (1911)School building at Telts street 2a, Riga, Latvia
List of buildings
Address
Construction function
Year of construction
Abrenes street 3
City Real Estate Administration
Around 1902
Akmeņu street 17
Fire station
1886
Allažu street 2
Police station
1902–1903
Āpšu street 24
Police barracks
1912
Aspazijas boulevard 32
Rental house
1881
Aspazijas boulevard 3
Riga City Theater I (renovation)
1885–1887
Aspazijas boulevard 7
Police department (extension)
1908–1909
Aspazijas boulevard 7
Police Department
1889–1891
Augusta Deglava street 3
City primary school
1908–1909
Baltajā street 10
City primary School (extended 1937)
1910–1911
Bruņinieku street 28
City primary school
1913–1914
Bruņinieku street 35
Rental house
1896
Bruņinieku street 5 – k. 15
Pavilion of Riga City Hospital I
1902
Bruņinieku street 5 – k. 23
Riga City Hospital I Women's Clinic
1902
Bruņinieku street 5
The main building of Riga City Hospital I
1906–1907
Bruņinieku street 5
Riga City Hospital I outpatient clinic
1909
Bruņinieku street 75
Rental house
1890
Daugavgrīvas street 7
Rental house
1887
Duntes street 12/22
Two pavilions in a mentally ill institution
1905
Dzirnavu street 60
Rental house
1892
Eksporta street 2b
Sewage pumping station
1908
Gaiziņa street 1
Mary Girls School
1912–1913
Gaiziņa street 3
City School of Commerce
1912
Gaujas street 23
City primary School (expanded in 1912 and 1926)
1911
Hāmaņa street 2a
City primary School (expanded)
1913–1914
Hanzas street 5
Fire station
1909–1910
Jaunstreet 15
Rental house
1888
Jēkabpils street 19a
Children's day shelter
1910–1911
Kalēju street 8
Rental house
1891
Kalēju street 10
City Municipal Institution Building
1914
Kalnciema street 118
City primary school
1912–1913
Kalpaka boulevard 8
City primary school
1883
Kaļķu street 16
Russian association "Ulya"
1880–1882
Krasta street 5/7
Spikeri district warehouses
1882
Krimuldas street 2a
City primary school (expanded in 1926)
1910–1911
Krišjāņa Barona street 71
City primary school
1883
Krišjāņa Barona street 88
Rental house
1883
Krišjāņa Valdemāra street 2
City girls school
1881–1884
Krustabaznīcas street 11
16th barracks of the Irkutsk Hussar Regiment
1913
Kuģu street 15/17
Police station
Around 1900
Lavīzes street 2a
City 4th elementary school
1901
Lomonosova street 1
Barracks of the Izborsk regiment
1902–1903
Lomonosova street 4
City primary school
1908–1909
Ludzas street 2
City primary school
1911–1912
Ludzas street 13/15
Russian primary school
Around 1890
Ludzas street 24
Fire station
Around 1886
Maskavas street 172
Rental house
1891
Maskavas street 116
Grebenshchikov Old Believers Association School and Children's Shelter
1893
Maskavas street 3
Fire station (expanded)
1902
Maskavas street 3
Fire station
1886
Maskavas street 63
Synagogue (not preserved)
1889
Matīsa street 7
Alexander market
1902
Matīsa street 9
Fire station
1886
Melnsila street 11
Rental house
1897
Nometņu street 64
Agenskalns market
1911–1924
Patversmes street 20
City primary school
1912–1913
Pērnavas street 25
Artillery brigade barracks
1905
Pētersalas street 10
City primary school
1911–1912
Pilsoņu street 13
Riga City 2nd Hospital Administration Building (building 25)
1908–1914
Pilsoņu street 13
Riga City 2nd Hospital Infectious Disease Pavilions and Surgical Pavilion (buildings 5, 7, 8 and 24)
1908–1909
Pilsoņu street 13
Riga City 2nd Hospital director building and Gate building (buildings 1 and 2)
1910–1911
Pilsoņu street 13
The second surgical pavilion of Riga City Hospital II, operating room, outbuilding, corridor, communicable disease isolator, morgue and servants' residential building (buildings 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, 21, 23 and 40)
1912–1914
Pilsoņu street 13
Pavilions for patients with contagious diseases of Riga City 2nd Hospital (buildings 9, 10 and 11)
1914–1915
Pulkveža Brieža street 20
Rental house
1894
Raņķa dambis 1
City primary school
1910–1911
Riharda Vāgnera street 5
City municipal institution building
1914
Rūdolfa street 5
Artillery brigade barracks
1903
Sarkandaugavas street 24
City primary school (expanded in 1938)
1905
Skolas street 36a
Rental house
1899
Skrindu street 1
City primary school
1902–1903
Slāvu street 12
City primary school
1912–1913
Slokas street 65
City primary school
1908–1909
Sparģeļu street 2
Shelter for poor children
1905
Stabu street 63
Jewish house of prayer
1899
Stabu street 42
Horse post station
Around 1880
Stabu street 74
Rental house
1893–1898
Šarlotes street 8
City primary school
1912–1913
Telts street 2a
City primary school
1910–1911
Telts street 1
Shelter for the terminally ill
1903
Torņakalna street 16
Rental house
1895
Torņakalna street 16
Single-family building
1900
Vienības gatve 45
Outpatient and pharmacy at James Armitsted Children's Hospital
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