Sarkaria served as a judge on the Punjab and Haryana High Court from 13 June 1967 until 26 September 1967. He also served as a puisne judge from 27 September 1967 to 15 September 1973.[1]
Sarkaria was appointed to the Supreme Court of India on 17 September 1973. He served on the court until his retirement on 15 January 1981.[1]
Following his retirement, Sarkaria was commissioned in 1983 by the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to study the relationships between the central and state governments of India. The committee became known as the Sarkaria Commission, since it was headed by RS Sarkaria. The Sarkaria Commission submitted its findings in 1988.[2]