Raja Muhammad Sarwar

Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar NH BS
Sarwar, drawn posthumously in 1967
Birth name	Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti
Born	(1910-11-10)10 November 1910 Singhori village, Rawalpindi District, Punjab, British India (Present day Punjab, Pakistan)
Died	27 July 1948(1948-07-27) (aged 37) Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Buried	Hill of Tilpatra near Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in India
Allegiance	British India (1929-1947)  Pakistan (1947-48)
Branch/service	British Indian Army  Pakistan Army
Years of service	1929–48
Rank	Captain
Unit	2/1st Punjab Regiment 2 Punjab Regiment
Battles / wars	Second World War Burma campaign Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Battle of Pandu †[1]
Awards	Nishan-e-Haider Pakistan Medal 1939-1945 Star Burma Star War Medal 1939-1945
Memorials	G.T. Road near the Gujar Khan Tehsil, Tehile chowk sarwer shaheed Rawalpindi District, Punjab in Pakistan
Alma mater	Indian Military Academy Military College of Signals

Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti (Urdu: راجہ محمد سرور; 10 November 1910 – 27 July 1948) NH, BS, better known as Muhammad Sarwar,^[2] was a Pakistani military officer who was cited as the first recipient of Pakistan's highest military award, Nishan-e-Haider, for his gallantry and actions of valor during the First Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–48.^[3]

Biography

Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti was born to a Punjabi Muslim Bhatti Rajput family in a small village, Singhori, that was located in the vicinity of the Gujar Khan Tehsil, Rawalpindi District, Punjab, British India in British Indian Empire on 10 November 1910.^[4][2][5] He was a military brat whose father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan Bhatti, was an enlist in the British Indian Army, retiring at the rank of Havildar.^[4]

He was educated in government-run schools in Rawalpindi District and secured his matriculation from a local school in Faisalabad in 1928.^[4] After graduation, he followed his father, Havildar Muhammad Hyatt, path and enlisted in the British Indian Army in 1929 as a Sepoy, where he was posted with the 2nd Battalion of the 10th Baloch Regiment (2/10th Baloch Regiment) of the Baloch Regiment (present 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment (Steadfast Battalion)).^[4] From 1929 until 1939, he worked hard towards reacting the one of the highest enlisted ranks and was eventually promoted to Naib Subedar and posted in supply and ammunition with the Pakistan Army Service Corps in 1939.^[4]

In 1939, Sarwar was invited to attend the Indian Military Academy in Dehradun and completed his military training before gaining a commission in the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Punjab Regiment (2/1st Punjab Regiment) of the British Indian Army in 1943.^[4] In 1944, 2nd-Lt. Sarwar briefly served in Burma with distinction during military operations there that earned him the Burma Star from the British administrations in Delhi in India.^[6]

In 1944, 2nd-Lt. Sarwar was posted to an administrative position in the Punjab Regiment — he was promoted to Lieutenant in 1945–46.^[4] In the British Indian Army personnel accounts, Sarwar was known to be "a serious man with no nonsense and deeply religious who would practice his religion, Islam, devotedly and offered five prayers everyday ... "^[4]

Indo-Pakistani war of 1947-1948

Main article: Battle of Pandu

In 1946–47, Lt. Sarwar was promoted to army captain and decided to attend the signal course before he was recommissioned in the Pakistan Army Corps of Signals in 1947, and directed towards attending the Military College of Signals.^[4] After hearing the news of the First Kashmir War between India and Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir, Sarwar immediately wanted to volunteer. He refrained due to his officers wanting him to complete his studies in military signals, which he completed after a year.^[4] In 1948, Captain Sarwar took command of the 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment of the Pakistan Army and was deployed on the frontline.^[7]

A march towards Uri town of Jammu and Kashmir was commenced under Sarwar, and he led an attack on the organized Indian Army's troops, forcing them to retreat from Gilgit-Baltistan to Ladakh on 26 July 1948.^[6] Sarwar's company followed the Indian Army's troops to the Uri region where his unit faced off the strongly fortified enemy position located in that sector.^[6] His company was only 50 yards away from the fortified enemy position as the Indian Army's soldiers begin mortar shelling his positions, and received instructions on leading the attack on the left side of the bunker where the shelling was taking place.^: 88 [8] Moving towards the new position, his passage was blocked due to barbed wire and he decided to advance to cut the wire, taking six men with him.^: 88 [8] During the firefight, Sarwar used a bolt cutter to cut the wire, and took a bullet from machine gun fire.^: 89 [8]

On 27 July 1948, Captain Sarwar was killed while clearing the passage. He was 38 years old at the time.^{: 188 [9]}

Family background and personal life

Muhammad Sarwar's father, Raja Muhammad Hayat Khan, had served in the British Indian Army and was decorated with the British war medal for his services in World War I. Muhammad Hayat retired as a Havildar Sergeant and died on 23 November 1932.^[6] Muhammad Sarwar had three brothers and one sister.^[10] Muhammad Sarwar married in an arranged marriage in 1936 and had a son and a daughter.^[10]

Nishan-e-Haider

The monument to Raja Muhammad Sarwar near the Grand Trunk Road, near Mandra

The body of Sarwar is buried at the Hill of Tilpatra which is near the Uri in Indian Kashmir where he was buried on 27 July 1948.^[4] It was on 23 March 1956 when the Government of Pakistan recognized his services as the Parliament of Pakistan authorized to posthumously award the Nishan-E-Haider (Eng. lit. Emblem of the Lion) for his meritorious services, which was awarded to him by the President of Pakistan.^[3][11][10] The Presidential Nishan-e-Haider citation on his grave is written in Urdu; and it reads with translation as:

Citation

Battle of Pandu at Tripatra hill in Uri:

CITATION

CAPT RAJA MUHAMMAD SARWAR

2 PUNJAB REGIMENT

Battle of Tilpatra in Uri: When Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah declared Jihad in Kashmir and ordered Pakistan Army to participate in it. Captain Sarwar were participating in a course in GHQ's School of Signals. His unit 2 Punjab Regiment entered Kashmir to face the enemy. As soon as the course ended he persisted to take permission to participate in Jihad of Kashmir, with his unit which was granted. He was appointed as the signals officer. He offered to fight the enemy at Tilpatra hill. On 27 July 1948, he took his men with him and attacked the enemy. The enemy opened fire with machine guns, artillery and mortars. He kept on advancing. His machine gunner got killed. He took hold of his gun and attacked. When a second gunner arrived he handed over the machine gun to him. He, along with some soldiers, advanced from another side and destroyed a machine gun of the enemy and advanced There was barbed wire, which he cut himself and let the soldiers pass through it and led the assault on the enemy. During this time, a burst from the automatic machine gun of the enemy injured him. His actions in the battle of Tipatra led him to be posthumously presented with the Nishan-e-Haider.^[12]

In 1967, the Government of Pakistan established a marble tomb in his memory to offer remembrance of his military career highlights and martyrdom to Pakistani society. Additional funding was secured in 1990 by Imtiaz Warraich, the MP to expand the facility in Sarwars' memory.^[13][14]

In memory

In 1968, a paintings exhibition was inaugurated in Lahore, Pakistan depicting Pakistani war heroes including the first sketched portrait of Muhammad Sarwar.^[15]

In 1991, he was the subject of a biographical war telefilm, "Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed" produced and directed by Qasim Jilali of the Pakistan Television Corporation.^[16] In addition, the federal government established a community college, the Sarwar Shaheed College, in his honour near his birthplace in the Gujar Khan.^[17]

Gallery

Tomb and memorial of Capt. Muhammad Sarwar

• 
  Inscription about the life of Muhammad Sarwar on his tomb.
• 
  The memorial to Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed (Nishah e Haider) at his tomb.

Awards and decorations

Nishan-e-Haider Recipient
Date	Awarded in 1956
Country	Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Presented by	President Iskandar Mirza

Nishan-e-Haider (Emblem of the Lion) 1947-48 War Posthumously		Pakistan Tamgha (Pakistan Medal) 1947
1939-1945 Star	Burma Star	War Medal 1939-1945	India Service Medal 1939–1945

Foreign decorations

Foreign Awards
UK	1939-1945 Star
	Burma Star
	War Medal 1939-1945
	India Service Medal 1939–1945

See also

• Gujar Khan
• Sawar Muhammad Hussain Shaheed

References

1. Singh, Brig Jasbir (2010). Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974. Lancer Publishers. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-935501-18-3.
2. Maira S (31 May 2011). "Profile of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar". Pakistan 360 degrees website. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
3. Captain Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider award recipient remembered Pakistan Today (newspaper), Published 27 July 2016, Retrieved 4 November 2018
4. "Tombstone of Muhammad Sarwar". Retrieved 7 March 2019.
5. "Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed". 5 September 2015.
6. Foundation, Shaheed (27 July 2018). "Shahadat Anniversary Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed, Nishan-e-HAIDAR[AS]... - SFP News". www.shaheedfoundation.org. Shaheed Foundation. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
7. "CAPTAIN MUHAMMAD SARWAR (SHAHEED)". www.pakarmymuseum.com. pakarmymuseum. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
8. Mirza, Yaqub (1947). The golden jubilee celebrations of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (snippet view). Karachi, Sin. Pakistan: National Book Foundation. p. 115. ISBN 9789693701784. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
9. Singh, Brig Jasbir (2010). Combat Diary: An illustrated history of operations conducted by 4th Battalion, The Kumaon Regiment 1788 to 1974. Lancer Publishers. p. 291. ISBN 9781935501183. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
10. Captain Sarwar Shaheed remembered The News International (newspaper), Published 11 December 2017, Retrieved 4 November 2018
11. Profile of Raja Muhammad Sarwar on shaheedfoundation.org website Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 4 November 2018
12. Amir, Tariq (12 January 2017). "Pakistan Geotagging: Monument of Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed: Nishan e Haider". Pakistan Geotagging. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
13. "Capt Sarwar Shaheed, Pakistan's first ever Nishan-e-Haider recipient remembered". The Nation. The Nation. The Nation. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
14. "Captain Sarwar Shaheed In Urdu". www.urdubiography.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
15. From the past pages of Dawn (newspaper): Fifty years ago: War paintings show Dawn (newspaper), Published 24 April 2018, Retrieved 4 November 2018
16. "Drama Serial Nishan-e-Haider "Major Tufail Mohammad Shaheed" Pakistan Army (Complete)". YouTube. 8 September 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
17. "Sarwar Shaheed College - College & University | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.

External links

• ISPR, Staff Writer. "Captain Muhammad Sarwar". www.ispr.gov.pk. ISPR. Retrieved 8 March 2019.
• ISPR, PTV (4 February 2017). "Telefilm: Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed". www.youtube.com/. ISPR. Retrieved 9 March 2019.