The fertile region surrounding Quba is best known for its production of apples and the city area of Quba is known for its fine carpets.
History
Quba rose to prominence in the 18th century. In 1747, Nader Shah ruler of the Afsharid Dynasty was assassinated. That same year, Hussein-Ali, the Shah's designated ruler of the region, decided to attempt to unify the Azeri khanates as an independent kingdom. One of his first moves was to relocate his capital from the less defensible Xudat in the Caspian lowlands to Quba where he built a fortress. Hussein-Ali died in 1757 and his son Fatali Khan carried on the expansion with Quba reaping the riches of its status as the capital. Some ruins from this period, such as Çirax Qala on the way to Baku, exist today.
However, upon Fatali Khan's death in 1789, the city's fortunes began to turn. In 1806, the khanate was occupied and soon absorbed by the Russian Empire. As a result, the city fell into the background of Azerbaijani history and politics.
The city is home to several historic buildings, including the Juma Mosque (Cuma Məscid or Friday Mosque), Ardabil Mosque (Ərdəbil Məscid) and old hamman (baths).
The region is home to Azerbaijan's largest community of Mountain Jews in the community of Qırmızı Qəsəbə (formerly in Russian: Krasnaya Sloboda, English: Red Town), located just across the river from Quba City.
Agriculture of Quba
Guba region has been known for its fruitful gardens since the Soviet era. According to the annual report of the Azerbaijan Statistical Committee, the apple orchards in the Guba-Khachmaz economic region covers nearly 22,000 hectares. About 14,000 hectares of these are in the Guba district.[4][5]
Since 2012, every year an apple festival is held in Guba. Compositions, national dances reflecting Azerbaijani custom and traditions, different types of apples, sweets and drinks prepared from apple are demonstrated at the ceremony. Various competitions are held among the gardeners at the "Apple Festival".[5]
Historical and architectural monuments
Sakina Khanum Mosque
There are 134 historical and archaeological monuments in the Quba district. These include the temple of fire worshipers near the village of Khinalig,[6] the Mausoleums of Aghbil dating back to the 16th century,[7] the Sakina Khanum mosque,[8] the Juma mosque, Ardabil mosque, which dates back to the 19th century.[9]
Azerbaijanis (All parts of district) - 79.22%, Tats (Southern parts) - 9.10% and Lezgians (Northwestern parts) - 5.87
% are the largest ethnic groups of Quba District. Khinalugs (1.43%) are living in the village of Khinalug.[10]Buduq (Budukh).
According to the Statistical Committee of the Republic, the number total of the population was 137,8 thousand in 2000. This figure increased by approximately 32.2 thousand and reached 170 thousand In 2018.[12]
Population of region (at the beginning of the year, thsd. persons) [12]
Region
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Guba region
137,8
139,1
140,0
141,0
142,0
143,8
146,1
148,6
150,7
152,0
153,6
155,6
157,6
159,3
161,4
163,9
166,2
168,4
170,0
171,7
173,4
174,7
urban population
26,9
27,0
27,1
27,2
31,5
31,8
32,2
32,3
37,7
37,9
38,1
38,4
38,7
38,8
39,0
39,4
39,8
40,2
40,4
40,6
41,0
41,2
rural population
110,9
112,1
112,9
113,8
110,5
112,0
113,9
116,3
113,0
114,1
115,5
117,2
118,9
120,5
122,4
124,5
126,4
128,2
129,6
131,1
132,4
133,5
General information
General information
Total territory, [km2]
2,610.00
Total number of population
143,100
Number of villages
155
Number of settlements
2
Number of hospitals and medical enterprises
16
Number of culture centers
194
Healthcare
There are Central hospital, Regional Perinatal Center, regional Diagnostic center of Guba, rehabilitation centers, center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Guba Branch of the Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology named after B. Eyvazov, 91 medical stations.[13]
There are 155 educational institutions, 135 secondary schools, 15 preschools and 5 kindergartens in the district. There is also a branch of the Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Guba Social-Economic College, Medical College, Vocational High School, Private Vocational School.[13]
Notable natives
Abbasgulu Bakikhanov (also spelt Bakixanov or Bakikhanli), a 19th-century writer, historian and philosopher, who lived in the village of Amsar located in 6 km far from Quba city. His museum is located in Quba city.
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