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Pylons Framework
Developer(s)	Ben Bangert, James Gardner
Initial release	September 2005; 19 years ago
Stable release	1.0.2 / 22 July 2015; 9 years ago
Repository	github.com/Pylons/pylons
Written in	Python
Operating system	Cross-platform
Type	Web application framework
License	BSD license
Website	pylonsproject.org/about-pylons-framework.html

Pyramid
Developer(s)	Chris McDonough, Ben Bangert, Michael Merickel, Bert JW Regeer, Steve Piercy
Initial release	July 8, 2008; 16 years ago
Stable release	2.0.2 / 25 August 2023; 15 months ago
Repository	github.com/Pylons/pyramid
Written in	Python
Operating system	Cross-platform
Type	Web application framework
License	BSD-like
Website	trypyramid.com

Pylons Project
Type of site	Python framework development
Available in	English
Owner	Open source
Editor	Anonymous
URL	pylonsproject.org
Commercial	No
Registration	None
Launched	December 27, 2010
Current status	Active

Pylons Project is an open-source organization that develops a set of web application technologies written in Python. Initially the project was a single web framework called Pylons, but after the merger with the repoze.bfg framework under the new name Pyramid, the Pylons Project now consists of multiple related web application technologies.

Pyramid

Pyramid is an open source web framework written in Python and is based on WSGI. It is a minimalistic web framework inspired by Zope, Pylons and Django.^[4]

Originally called "repoze.bfg", Pyramid gathered attention mostly in the Zope^[5] and Plone community as the Open Society Institute's KARL project migrated from Plone to BFG.^[6] In 2010 it was announced that the Pylons framework will move over to using BFG as a base in version 1.5.^[7] As a result of the inclusion of BFG into the Pylons project, BFG was renamed Pyramid.^[8]

Features

Pyramid is a minimalistic, platform-independent web framework. It is persistence agnostic and is integrated both with SQL databases via SQLAlchemy and with the Zope Object Database, as well as other NoSQL databases, such as CouchDB.^[4]

Pyramid allows developers to define routes using regular expressions that map to objects. Like its fellow framework Zope, Pyramid also allows hierarchical object traversal, where each part of a URL is an object containing other objects, in a way that is similar to folders in a filesystem.^[9]

Pylons Web Framework

Pylons Framework is an open-source Web application framework written in Python. It makes extensive use of the Web Server Gateway Interface standard to promote reusability and to separate functionality into distinct modules.^[12] It is strongly influenced by Ruby on Rails: two of its main components, Routes and WebHelpers, are Python reimplementations of Rails features.

Structure

Pylons is well known for having a near-complete stack of third-party tools, eschewing the "not-invented-here" phenomenon.

Installation, dependencies, and setup

The official installation method of Pylons is through EasyInstall via the Python Package Index (PyPI), and most of the additional tools are typically installed the same way. EasyInstall also handles package dependencies when relevant. Some distributions could also package Pylons and Paste, but it is likely that any distribution's packages would lag the official distribution. Pylons may also be installed by hand by renaming its .egg file to .zip and extracting the contents.

Paste is used for project setup, testing, and deployment. Using the common INI configuration format, Paste allows for multiple "profiles", so that developers can run development and deployment setups from the same codebase without revealing sensitive parts of Pylons, such as the interactive debugger, to production users.

URL dispatch

Currently the only widely used URL dispatcher for Pylons is Routes, a Python reimplementation of Ruby on Rails' URL dispatching, although any WSGI-compatible URL dispatcher can be used. While Routes is a separate library, it was developed for use in Pylons and its development remains closely in sync with Pylons.

HTML generation

Another piece of Rails adapted for Pylons is WebHelpers, which provides URL mapping based on the Routes configuration. WebHelpers also provides some utility functions for generating JavaScript code making use of the script.aculo.us and Prototype libraries.

FormEncode and FormBuild are used for HTML form validation and generation; there has been some use of Mako for form generation using Mako's inheritance model.

Templating

Myghty was the default Pylons templating language, but as of version 0.9.6 it has been replaced by Mako.^[13] Both templating languages are text-based (as opposed to XML-based), and support includes, inheritance and embedding arbitrary Python code.

Because of Pylons' loosely coupled layers, other templating languages can be used as well. Genshi, an XML-based templating language, can be used in lieu of either Mako or Myghty.^[14]

Database abstraction and object-relational mapping

Pylons has no default database library. Both SQLObject and SQLAlchemy are known to be used.

Merger with repoze.bfg and birth of Pyramid Web Framework

Pylons has developed into the Pylons Project, and the old code from Pylons 1.0 is now in maintenance-only mode. However, pursuant to the project's merger with repoze.bfg since November 2010, newer versions of Pylons are actually different from the original Pylons 1.0. Pylons developers initially planned to rewrite certain portions of the code, but they observed that the new code was approximating repoze.bfg, which led to the merger of Pylons and repoze.bfg.^[15]^[16] This led to repoze.bfg (a part of the Repoze Python-based web framework) to become rebranded and relaunched as the Pyramid web framework.^[17]

References

^ "Pyramid Change History — The Pyramid Web Framework v2.0". docs.pylonsproject.org. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
^ "Release 2.0.2". 25 August 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
^ "Copyright, Trademarks, and Attributions — The Pyramid Web Framework v2.0". docs.pylonsproject.org. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
^ ^a ^b Chris McDonough. "repoze.bfg introduction". Archived from the original on 2013-12-30. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
^ Gary Poster (2010-09-17). "Zope Summit, DZUG, repoze.bfg". Retrieved 2010-09-21.
^ Thomas Moroz, Chris Rossi & Calvin Hendryx-Parker (2009-10-28). KARL – large-scale Knowledge Management. Budapest, Hungary: Plone Conference 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-06-02. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
^ Ben Bangert (2010-09-18). "Emails explaining the Pylons 2 structure". Retrieved 2010-09-21.
^ "repoze.bfg is now Pyramid". Archived from the original on 2010-11-13. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
^ Wichert Akkerman (2009-10-28). Lessons from other frameworks. Budapest, Hungary: Plone Conference 2009. Event occurs at 25:50. Archived from the original on 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
^ History of Pylons
^ "Release 1.0.2". 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
^ The mod_wsgi project includes both Pylons and Pyramid in its list of supported major Python web frameworks.
^ Haas, Christoph Beginning Pylons Archived 2009-02-16 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved July 5, 2007
^ Genshi Wiki Pylons with Genshi Retrieved July 5, 2007
^ Pylons Project FAQ. URL: https://pylonsproject.org/about-pylons-project.html
^ Notes on the Pylons and repoze.bfg merger. URL: "Be Groovie - Notes on the Pylons & repoze.BFG Merger". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2012-08-14.
^ About Pyramid. URL: https://trypyramid.com/