Propane, butane, and LPG container valve connections

LPG Distribution Colombia
LPG distribution in Colombia.
LPG distribution in Suriname.
LPG distribution in Brazil.
LPG distribution in Ecuador.

Several types of valve connections for propane, butane, and LPG containers exist for transport and storage, sometimes with overlapping usage and applications, and there are major differences in usage between different countries. Even within a single country more than one type can be in use for a specific application. This requires adequate tooling and adapters for replenishment in multiple countries. For example for overlanders and users of autogas traveling with a container originating in one country to other parts of the world this is a major concern. This article describes existing standards and the standards in use for a number of countries. For disposable containers the availability per country is described. Filling stations may be able and allowed to fill foreign containers if adequate adapters are available.[1] Adapters are provided by, amongst others, camping stores. The iOverlander[2] database maintained by travelers, My LPG[3] and the Facebook group "Cooking Gas Around the World[4]" provide more information about individual sources per country. Much general information about global LPG use and standardization is available from the World LPG Association[5] and the AEGPL[6]

Container types

The main containers of liquefied petroleum gas, propane and butane are automotive tanks, disposable cylinders, permanent tanks and portable cylinders.

Container Type Important Uses Way of Replenishment
Automotive Autogas Fuel station
Disposable cylinders Camping, tools Replacement
Portable cylinders Heating, cooking Exchange, filling station, gravity filling[7]
Permanent tanks Heating, cooking Tank truck

Connector types and standards

The list of standards shows one applicable standard for each connector type listed in the table below. A single applicable standard has been chosen in case multiple versions of the same standard have been published, for example a German and a European version.

Overview of standards

Name Description
ABNT NBR 8614[8] Brazilian standard for automatic valves for transportable containers of 2 kg, 5 kg and 13 kg of LPG, first published in 1997.[citation needed]
(Portuguese name: Válvulas automáticas para recipientes transportáveis para 2 kg, 5 kg e 13 kg de GLP.
Autogas Can refer to several connector standards, colloquially known as ACME, Bayonet, Dish or Euronozzle connectors.[3]
DIN 477-1 No. 4 A DIN standard for gas cylinder valves for test pressures up to 300 bar (4,400 psi).
EN 15202[9] A European standard for LPG equipment and accessories, specifying LPG cylinder valve connections.[10]
EN 417 European norm specification concerning non-refillable metallic cartridges for liquefied petroleum gases. The EN 417 norm specifies container construction, but does however not specify any connectors.
IS-8737[11] Indian standard for LPG connectors for use with cylinders of more than 5 liter water capacity.[12]
KHK S0126 Japanese standard for LPG container valve design and manufacturing.[13]
SAEF American standard specified by U.S. based SAE International.[citation needed]
SANS 10019:2011[14] South African standard for connectors.[15]
SNI 1591 : 2008[16] Indonesia: Forms, materials and components, construction requirements, quality requirements, and test methods of LPG steel tube valves.
M-thread The designation used for international ISO metric screw threads.
BSP British Standard Pipe, a type of threads originating from Britain.
UNEF A Unified Thread Standard originating from the USA, where the EF designation indicates an "Extra Fine" thread pitch.

List of connector types

The Connector Types Table lists connectors that are found on propane, butane and LPG containers, the standards these connectors adhere to as well as the most important parameters of these connectors.

Name Connector standard Thread standard[17] Nominal diameter (mm) Pitch (mm) Nominal diameter (inch) Pitch (TPI) Interface[18] Direction[19]
1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31) Autogas Acme[20] 44.5 mm 6.35 mm 1-3/4" 4 TPI EXT RH
1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29) EN 15202 No thread
1 1/4" x 5 ACME LH (G.30) EN 15202 No thread LH
7/16" UNEF camping N/A Lindal B188 11.1 mm 0.907 mm 7/16" 28 TPI EXT
1 lb (16 oz) propane bottle (Coleman) 1"-20 CGA600 UNEF 25.4 mm 1.27 mm 1" 20 tpi EXT RH
ABNT NBR 13794 ABNT NBR 8614 NPT 19.1 mm 1.814 mm 3/4" 14 TPI
ABNT NBR 8614 a ABNT NBR 8614 NPT 9.5 mm 3/8" No thread
ABNT NBR 8614 b ABNT NBR 8614 NPT 19.1 mm 1.814 mm 3/4" 14 TPI
Bayonet Autogas Bayonet No thread
Bayonet camping N/A No thread EXT N/A
Butane Canister, 225 g (8 oz) N/A No thread EXT N/A
Camping gas VBC02 (G.3) EN 15202 ISO 16.0 mm 1.5 mm 0.629" 16.93 TPI INT RH
Camping gas VBC03 (G.33) EN 15202 BSP 16.7 mm 1.337 mm 3/8" 19 TPI
DIN 477-1 No. 4 DIN 477-1 No. 4 BSP 16.7 mm 1.337 mm 3/8" 19 TPI
Dish Autogas Dish No thread INT
Euro Nozzle Autogas Euro No thread EXT
EU-Shell (G.8) EN 15202 BSW 21.8 mm 1.814 mm 0.858" 14 TPI EXT LH
G 3/8 LH (G.33) EN 15202 BSP 16.7 mm 1.337 mm 3/8" 19 TPI
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25) EN 15202 No thread LH
Gaz (G.3) EN 15202 ISO 16 mm 1.5 mm 0.629" 16.93 TPI INT RH
GF – Grossflasche (G.04) EN 15202 ISO 21.8 mm 1.814 mm 0.858" 14 TPI EXT LH
IS-8737 IS-8737 No thread
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1) EN 15202 BSW 20 mm 1.814 mm 0.787" 14 TPI EXT LH
KHK S0126 clip on KHK S0126 No thread
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12) EN 15202 BSW 21.8 mm 1.814 mm 0.858" 14 TPI EXT LH
Liquid withdrawal VL07 EN 15202 NGO 21.8 mm 1.814 mm 0.885" 14 TPI INT LH
Neck valve 20 mm (G.64) EN 15202 20 mm 0.787" No thread INT
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7) EN 15202 BSP 22.9 mm 1.814 mm 5/8" 14 TPI INT LH
POL US (G.9) EN 15202 NGO 22.3 mm 1.814 mm 0.880" 14 TPI INT LH
POL-WS (G.10) EN 15202 NGO 22.3 mm 1.814 mm 0.880" 14 TPI INT LH
Primus (G.32) EN 15202 ISO 14 mm 1.5 mm 0.551" 16.93 TPI INT RH
QCC Type 1 (G.9) EN 15202 33.3 mm 5.080 mm 1-5/16" 5 TPI EXT RH
Quick coupling 16 mm (G.50) EN 15202 16 mm 0.629 No thread INT
Quick coupling 19 mm (G.51) EN 15202 19 mm 0.748" No thread INT
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52) EN 15202 20 mm 0.787" No thread INT
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53) EN 15202 21 mm 0.827" No thread INT
Quick coupling 21.7 mm threaded (G.57) EN 15202 21.7 mm 0.858" No thread
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54) EN 15202 22 mm 0.866 No thread
Quick coupling 24.4 mm (G.58) EN 15202 24.4 mm 1" No thread
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.55) EN 15202 24.5 mm 1" No thread
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.60) EN 15202 25.4 mm 1" No thread
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59) EN 15202 27 mm 1.063" No thread
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56) EN 15202 35 mm 1.378" No thread
Quick coupling bayonet (G.61) EN 15202 No thread
Quick Coupling Fork Lift (G.66) EN 15202 No thread
Quick Coupling Fork Lift Bayonet (G.65) EN 15202 No thread
SAEF 1/2" SAEF 12.7 mm 1.954 mm 1/2" 13 TPI INT RH
SANS 10019 small cylinders SANS 10019 BSP 16.7 mm 1.337 mm 3/8" 19 TPI
Shell-F (G.2) EN 15202 ISO 21.7 mm 1.814 mm 0.858" 14 TPI EXT LH
SNI 1591 : 2008 a SNI 1591 NPT 12.7 mm 1/2"
SNI 1591 : 2008 b SNI 1591 NPT 19.1 mm 3/4" No thread
SNI 1591 : 2008 c SNI 1591 NPT 19.1 mm 3/4" No thread
Threaded connection W 14,8 x 1/18 (G.21)[clarification needed] EN 15202 14.8 mm 0.056 mm 0.582677165 EXT LH
VP01 (G.9) EN 15202 POL
VP02 (G.9) EN 15202 POL
VP03 (G.9) EN 15202 POL
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH – 55° (G.05) EN 15202 BSW 21.8 mm 1.814 mm 0.858" 14 TPI EXT LH
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH (G.19) EN 15202 21.8 mm 1.814 mm 0.858" 14 TPI EXT LH
W 22 x 1,155 LH (G.06) EN 15202 No thread LH
  • ABNT NBR 8473
    ABNT NBR 8473
  • Acme
    Acme
  • POL
    POL
  • SANS 10019
    SANS 10019
  • Shell F (G.2)
    Shell F (G.2)
  • CampinGaz (G.3)
    CampinGaz (G.3)
  • QC 22 mm
    QC 22 mm
  • Butane Canister
    Butane Canister
  • QC 35 mm Jumbo
    QC 35 mm Jumbo

Standards in use per country

The list of standards in use per country shows per country for each application which connectors are use. In some countries multiple connectors are used for the same application.[8][9][11][14][16][21][22][23][5][24][25][26]

Container Type Continent Country Standard Name
Automotive Africa South Africa Acme 1-3/4
Americas Argentina Acme 1-3/4
Bayonet
Dish
Bolivia Acme 1-3/4
Dish
Canada QCC Type 1 (G.9)
Chile Acme 1-3/4
Dish
Colombia Acme 1-3/4
Costa Rica Dish
Ecuador Dish
Mexico Acme 1-3/4
Paraguay Acme 1-3/4
Dish
Peru Dish
Suriname Acme 1-3/4
Uruguay Acme 1-3/4
Venezuela Dish
Asia and Middle East Azerbaijan Acme 1-3/4
China Acme 1-3/4
Dish
India Dish
Kazakhstan Dish
Kyrgyzstan Dish
Mongolia Dish
Nepal Dish
Tajikistan Dish
Turkey Dish
Europe Albania Dish
Austria Acme 1-3/4
Dish
Belarus Dish
Belgium Acme 1-3/4
Bosnia and Herzegovina Dish
Bulgaria Dish
Croatia Acme 1-3/4
Dish
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Czech Republic Dish
Denmark Bayonet
Dish
Estonia Dish
Finland None - vehicle LPG not available
France Dish
Germany Acme 1-3/4
Greece Dish
Hungary Dish
Ireland Acme 1-3/4
Italy Dish
Kosovo Dish
Latvia Dish
Lithuania Dish
Luxembourg Acme 1-3/4
Bayonet
Macedonia Dish
Malta Dish
Moldova Dish
Montenegro Dish
Netherlands Bayonet
Norway Bayonet
Dish
Poland Dish
Portugal Dish
Romania Dish
Russia Dish
San Marino Dish
Serbia Dish
Slovakia Dish
Slovenia Dish
Spain Bayonet
Euro Nozzle
Sweden Dish
Switzerland Acme 1-3/4
Dish
Ukraine Dish
United Kingdom Acme 1-3/4
Bayonet
Oceanea Australia Acme 1-3/4
Bayonet
New Zealand Bayonet
Disposable cylinders Africa Botswana 7/16" UNEF
Cape Verde Bayonet camping
Côte d'Ivoire Bayonet camping
Kenya Bayonet camping
Malawi 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Mauritania Bayonet camping
Morocco Bayonet camping
Namibia 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Senegal Bayonet camping
South Africa 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Tanzania Bayonet camping
Zambia 7/16" UNEF
Americas Argentina 7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Belize Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Brazil Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Canada 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
1" UNEF
Propane bottle, 1 lb (16-oz.)
Chile 7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Colombia 7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Costa Rica 7/16" UNEF
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Ecuador 7/16" UNEF
Guatemala Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Haiti Bayonet camping
Mexico Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Panama 7/16" UNEF
Peru 7/16" UNEF
United States 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
1" UNEF
Propane bottle, 1 lb (16-oz.)
Uruguay Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Asia and Middle East India 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Israel 7/16" UNEF
Nepal 7/16" UNEF
Pakistan 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Philippines Bayonet camping
Turkey Bayonet camping
Europe Austria 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Belgium 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Bulgaria Bayonet camping
Croatia 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Czech Republic 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Denmark 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Estonia 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Finland 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
France 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Germany 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Greece 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Hungary 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Iceland 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Butane Canister, 8-oz.
Ireland 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Italy 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Latvia 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Lithuania 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Luxembourg 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Netherlands 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Norway Bayonet camping
Poland 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Portugal 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Romania 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Russia Bayonet camping
Slovakia 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Slovenia Bayonet camping
Spain 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Sweden 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Switzerland 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Ukraine Bayonet camping
United Kingdom 7/16" UNEF
Bayonet camping
Permanent tanks Americas Canada Acme 1-3/4
United States Acme 1-3/4
Portable cylinders Africa Botswana POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
POL US (G.9)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Cape Verde Gaz (G.3)
Côte d'Ivoire Gaz (G.3)
Kenya Camping gas VBC02 (G.3)
Malawi POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Mauritania Gaz (G.3)
Morocco Gaz (G.3)
Namibia POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
POL US (G.9)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Senegal Gaz (G.3)
South Africa Camping gas VBC03 (G.33)
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
POL US (G.9)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Zambia[27] POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Zimbabwe POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
SANS 10019 small cylinders
Americas[28] Argentina DIN 477-1 No. 4
POL US (G.9)
Bahamas POL US (G.9)
Barbados POL US (G.9)
Bermuda POL US (G.9)
Bolivia POL US (G.9)
Brazil ABNT NBR 13794
ABNT NBR 8614 a
ABNT NBR 8614 b
POL US (G.9)
Canada POL US (G.9)
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
Chile POL US (G.9)
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Colombia POL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Costa Rica POL US (G.9)
Ecuador Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
French Guiana EU-Shell (G.8)
Guatemala POL US (G.9)
Guyana POL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Haiti Gaz (G.3)
VP02 (G.9)
Honduras POL US (G.9)
Jamaica Bayonet
Nicaragua POL US (G.9)
Paraguay POL US (G.9)
VP02 (G.9)
VP03 (G.9)
Peru POL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Suriname POL US (G.9)
United States POL US (G.9)
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
Venezuela POL US (G.9)
Asia and Middle East Brunei POL US (G.9)
Hong Kong Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
VP01 (G.9)
VP03 (G.9)
India Gaz (G.3)
IS-8737
Indonesia SNI 1591 : 2008 a
SNI 1591 : 2008 b
SNI 1591 : 2008 c
Japan KHK S0126 clip on
Myanmar POL US (G.9)
Pakistan Gaz (G.3)
Philippines Bayonet
Gaz (G.3)
Turkey Gaz (G.3)
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Europe Austria 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Belgium 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)
Gaz (G.3)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Liquid withdrawal VL07
POL-WS (G.10)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Shell-F (G.2)
Bosnia and Herzegovina KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Bulgaria Gaz (G.3)
Croatia EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
Cyprus Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Czech Republic 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Shell-F (G.2)
Denmark 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
G 3/8 LH (G.33)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 16 mm (G.50)
Quick coupling 19 mm (G.51)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Shell-F (G.2)
W 22 x 1,155 LH (G.06)
Estonia Gaz (G.3)
Finland 1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Shell-F (G.2)
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH – 55° (G.05)
France EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21.7 mm threaded (G.57)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Quick Coupling Fork Lift (G.66)
Quick Coupling Fork Lift Bayonet (G.65)
Shell-F (G.2)
Germany 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
W 21,8 x 1,814 LH (G.19)
Greece 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 24.4 mm (G.58)
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.55)
Hungary EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
Iceland EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Shell-F (G.2)
Ireland 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Neck valve 20 mm (G.64)
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Italy 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 24.4 mm (G.58)
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.55)
Latvia Gaz (G.3)
Lithuania Gaz (G.3)
Luxembourg EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
Macedonia Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Malta Ital. A (EN 16129 G.1)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Netherlands EU-Shell (G.8)
G 3/8 LH EN ISO 228-1 (G.25)
Gaz (G.3)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
SAEF 1/2"
Shell-F (G.2)
Norway EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
POL US (G.9)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Poland G 3/8 LH (G.33)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Shell-F (G.2)
Portugal Gaz (G.3)
POL US (G.9)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 24.5 mm (G.60)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Quick coupling bayonet (G.61)
Russia EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
POL US (G.9)
Shell-F (G.2)
Serbia EU-Shell (G.8)
Shell-F (G.2)
Slovakia EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3
Shell-F (G.2)
Slovenia EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
GF – Grossflasche (G.04)
KLF – Kleinflasche (G.12)
Shell-F (G.2)
Spain 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Shell-F (G.2)
Threaded connection W 14,8 x 1/18 (G.21)
Sweden 1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
Gaz (G.3)
POL US (G.9)
POL-WS (G.10)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Switzerland 1 ¾" x 6 ACME (G.31)
Gaz (G.3)
Shell-F (G.2)
Ukraine Gaz (G.3)
United Kingdom 1 1/4" x 5 ACME (G.29)
1 1/4" x 5 ACME LH (G.30)
EU-Shell (G.8)
Gaz (G.3)
POL 105 (EN 16129 G.7)
Primus (G.32)
Quick coupling 20 mm (G.52)
Quick coupling 21 mm (G.53)
Quick coupling 22 mm (G.54)
Quick coupling 27 mm (G.59)
Quick coupling 35 mm Jumbo (G.56)
Oceanea Australia DIN 477-1 No. 4
POL US (G.9)
Primus (G.32)
New Zealand DIN 477-1 No. 4
QCC Type 1 (G.9)
VP01 (G.9)

References

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  2. ^ "iOverlander | Find your next destination". ioverlander.com. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
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  4. ^ "Cooking Gas Around the World". Facebook.
  5. ^ a b "World LPG Association".
  6. ^ "European LPG Association AEGPL". www.aegpl.eu. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  7. ^ Gravity filling is the process of filling an empty cylinder from a full one by gravity.
  8. ^ a b Wikipedia: Botijão de gás
  9. ^ a b "BS EN 15202:2012 – LPG equipment and accessories. Essential operational dimensions for LPG cylinder valve outlet and associated equipment connections". shop.bsigroup.com. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  10. ^ EN 15202:2012 (G.1-G.66): LPG equipment and accessories. Essential operational dimensions for LPG cylinder valve outlet and associated equipment connections
  11. ^ a b Bureau of Indian Standards (1995). IS 8737: Valve fittings for use with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of more than 5-litre water capacity. Public. Resource.Org.
  12. ^ IS-8737: Valve fittings for use with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinders of more than 5 liter water capacity
  13. ^ KHK S0126: Liquefied petroleum gas container Valve design / manufacturing standard KHK S0126 (2014)
  14. ^ a b "South African Bureau of Standards". www.sabs.co.za. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  15. ^ SANS 10019: South African Bureau of Standards: Transportable pressure receptacles for compressed, dissolved and liquefied gases — Basic design, manufacture, use and maintenance
  16. ^ a b ".::Detail SNI::". sisni.bsn.go.id. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
  17. ^ Sprokets (5 February 2010). "The difference between NPT, BSPP and BSPT seals | Ralston Instruments". Ralston Instruments. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  18. ^ INT: Internal (male), Ext: external (male)
  19. ^ LH: left hand turn to tighten, RH: right hand turn to tighten
  20. ^ Trapezoidal thread form
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