Priekulė, Lithuania

This article is about a town in Lithuania. For a town in Latvia, see Priekule, Latvia.

Priekulė
Town
Main street toward Klaipėda
Flag Coat of arms
Priekulė Location of Priekulė
Coordinates: 55°33′20″N 21°19′10″E
Country	Lithuania
Ethnographic region	Lithuania Minor
County	Klaipėda County
Municipality	Klaipėda District Municipality
Eldership	Priekulė eldership
Capital of	Priekulė eldership
First mentioned	16th century
Granted town rights	1948
Population  (2022)
• Total	1,219
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+3 (EEST)

Priekulė (pronunciation^ⓘ, German: Prökuls)^[1] is a small town in Klaipėda District Municipality, in western Lithuania. It is located on the banks of Minija River about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of Klaipėda. Priekulė is the seat of Priekulė elderate. It is located in the historic region of Lithuania Minor.

History

Priekulė's name is known since the first half of the 16th century. At first it was named Paminia (at river Minija), and it was a small village with three homesteads. In 1511, a tavern "zur Minnige" is mentioned in written sources. In 1540, a certain Lukas Preckol is an owner of the tavern. It is believed that the town name was derived from Preckol's last name.^[2] The name "Precols" was recorded on region maps in 1548. A church was built in 1587 and a teacher was hired in 1594.

It was a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as a fief of Poland, held by the Teutonic Knights^[3] and secular Ducal Prussia. In 1609 during the Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611), regiments of the Polish–Lithuanian cavalry plundered the town. In 1688 minister Wilhelm Martin built a new church. In 1773, it became part of the newly formed province of East Prussia within the Kingdom of Prussia, and from 1871 it was also part of Germany. In 1905 the village, now known as Prökuls, had 500 residents who were mostly Protestant Lutherans and mainly spoke the Memelland-Samogitian dialect.^{[citation needed]}

In the course of the German revolutions on March 29, 1848, the local judiciary was demolished, the tax collector was mistreated and the pub was looted. The Prussian authorities put down the uprising on March 30 ^[4]

Following the restoration of independent Lithuania in 1918, the town was acquired by Lithuania in 1923. Under German occupation during World War II, it was the location of the Oflag 63 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers.^[5]

On December 19, 2002, the city was granted coat of arms by the President of Lithuania.

Landmarks

There is St. Anthony of Padua Church, built in 1938. In the city park grows a centuries-old oak, that is preserved as monument of nature. In the city there is a monument to Lithuanian writer Ieva Simonaitytė. Her cottage is turned into memorial museum (established in 1984). Estates of the forefathers of philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) were located in Kantvainai [lt] (Kantweinen) in the vicinity of Priekulė.

Notable residents

• Egon Erzum (1904–1974), German politician
• Erich Hippke (1888–1969), German physician and Generaloberstabsarzt in the Luftwaffe

Literature

• Mortensen, Hans und Gertrud: Kants väterliche Ahnen und ihre Umwelt, Rede von 1952 in Jahrbuch der Albertus-Universität zu Königsberg / Pr., Holzner- Verlag Kitzingen/ Main 1953 Bd. 3
• Sembritzki, Johannes: Geschichte des Kreises Memel, Memel 1918

References

1. Kaemmerer, Margarete (2004). Ortsnamenverzeichnis der Ortschaften jenseits von Oder und Neiße (in German). ISBN 3-7921-0368-0.
2. Vanagas, Aleksandras (1996). Lietuvos miestų vardai (in Lithuanian). Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. pp. 177–180. ISBN 5-420-01354-1.
3. Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish and Latin). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. 96–97, 214–215.
4. Hermann Pölking (2012). Ostpreußen: Biographie einer Provinz. Berlin. p. 217.
5. "German Oflag Camps". Retrieved 7 May 2022.