The politics of Colorado refers to the political system and electoral processes of the U.S. state of Colorado. The state operates under a constitution adopted in 1876 and features both a traditional three-branch system of government and extensive direct democracy mechanisms, including citizen initiatives and referendums.
Colorado's political landscape has evolved significantly, transitioning from a swing state to a blue state in the early 21st century, though maintaining distinctive features like high voter participation and strong independent voting blocs. The state government consists of an executive branch led by the Governor of Colorado, a bicameral Colorado General Assembly, and a judiciary headed by the Colorado Supreme Court.
Notable aspects of Colorado politics include its robust ballot initiative system, which has produced significant reforms like the Taxpayer Bill of Rights, and demographic shifts particularly in the Denver metropolitan area that have reshaped electoral patterns. The state has also pioneered various electoral innovations, including universal mail-in voting and being among the first states to legalize marijuana through popular vote.[2][3]
Historical Development
Early Political History (1876-1920)
Colorado entered the Union as the 38th state in 1876, during a period of significant populist and progressive influence. In its early years, the state showed strong support for the Populist Party, electing several candidates to federal and state offices between the 1890s and 1910s.[4]
The state's early political dynamics were significantly influenced by silver mining interests. The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890, which required the federal government to purchase large quantities of silver, was particularly important to Colorado's economy and politics. The act was championed by Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller, who later left the Republican Party over the gold standard issue. When President Grover Cleveland pushed for the act's repeal in 1893, it led to significant political upheaval in Colorado, contributing to the rise of the Populist movement and silver-based political coalitions.[5]
The subsequent Panic of 1893 devastated Colorado's silver-based economy and reshaped the state's political landscape. Many miners and rural residents aligned with the Populist Party, which advocated for free silver coinage and economic reforms. This period marked one of the few times in American history where a third party achieved significant electoral success at the state level.[6]
Mid-20th Century (1920-1990)
The state predominantly voted Republican in presidential elections between 1920 and 1990, with only four Democratic victories during this period (1932, 1936, 1948, and 1964).[7] However, state-level politics often favored Democrats, who typically positioned themselves as more moderate than their national counterparts.[4]
Shifting Political Landscape (1990-Present)
United States presidential election results for Colorado[8]
Colorado's political landscape began shifting in the 1990s. The state passed significant voter initiatives including Term Limits (1990) and the Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) (1992).
Democrats have held the governorship for 24 of the past 32 years since 1991,[9] and since 2008, the state has voted Democratic in four consecutive presidential elections—the party's longest such streak in Colorado's history.
In 2004, Democrats captured both chambers of the state legislature for the first time since 1963 and elected several Democrats like Ken Salazar while John Salazar and his Ed Perlmutter won U.S. seats. With the election of Bill Ritter as governor in 2006, Democrats won a political trifecta.
By the early 2010's, Colorado was considered a swing state and by 2016 was considered a blue-leaning swing state.[4]
Colorado has been trending Democratic since the early 2000s due to the rising percentage of young, college-educated, suburban, and unaffiliated voters leaning Democratic.[10][11][12] The increased organization and perceived centrism of the state's Democratic Party has also been advanced as a reason for the political shift.[13][14][15] The growing social and religious conservative shift of the state's Republican Party has also been cited as a reason for the changing voting patterns of Colorado, along with the party shifting right-ward politically.[16][17]
The year 2018 saw the state undergo a political shift. In the 2018 state elections, Democrats gained control of the state Senate, won all the constitutional statewide offices (including the governorship), and expanded their majority in the state House. They also gained a numerical majority for the U.S. House delegation.[18] By 2020, Colorado was considered a safe blue state, with Joe Biden winning by more than 13% over Donald Trump.[3]
In 2024, Kamala Harris won Colorado by around a 11% margin. Demographic change and the expansion of Denver's suburbs into Republican-leaning counties have increasingly contributed to the Democratic shift. While several suburban Front Range counties like Jefferson continued trending Democratic, with Kamala Harris improving on Joe Biden's 2020 margins, turnout declined significantly in Democratic strongholds like Denver and Adams County which affected the margin of victory. Additionally, southern parts of the state, particularly counties with large Latino populations like Pueblo and those in the San Luis Valley, saw notable shifts toward Republicans.[19]
State Government
Constitution
The Constitution of Colorado was drafted in March 1876 and ratified by Colorado's voters on July 1, 1876, taking effect upon Colorado's admission to statehood on August 1, 1876.[20] The constitution establishes the structure and function of the state government and outlines the basic rights of Colorado citizens. It has been amended numerous times through both legislative referral and citizen initiative processes.[21]
Executive Branch
Democrat Jared Polis is the current incumbent Governor of Colorado.
Colorado has elected 17 Democrats and 12 Republicans to the governorship in the last 100 years. Incumbent Governor Jared Polis was elected in 2018. Polis and his predecessor, former Governor (now Senator) John Hickenlooper are both Democrats.[22]
The Colorado House of Representatives is the lower house of the Colorado General Assembly, composed of 65 seats of approximately 77,000 people each. Representatives are constitutionally limited to four consecutive two-year terms. The House is currently composed of 46 Democrats and 19 Republicans and is led by Speaker of the HouseJulie McCluskie, Majority Leader Monica Duran, and Minority Leader Rose Pugliese.
Judicial Branch
The Colorado Supreme Court is the state's highest court, consisting of seven justices who serve ten-year terms. The Chief Justice is selected by the court from amongst its members and serves as the executive head of the Colorado Judicial Branch. Justices are appointed by the governor from a list of three qualified candidates nominated by the Supreme Court Nominating Commission, and must stand for retention by voters in the next general election after serving a provisional two-year term.[23]
The Colorado Court of Appeals is the state's intermediate appellate court, consisting of 22 judges who serve eight-year terms. The court hears cases in three-judge panels and primarily reviews decisions from the state's district courts.[24]
Colorado's trial court system consists of district courts, county courts, and various specialized courts. The state is divided into 22 judicial districts, each with its own district court that handles civil cases involving more than $15,000, felony criminal cases, juvenile matters, and appeals from county courts. County courts handle civil cases under $15,000, misdemeanors, traffic infractions, and small claims.[25]
In 2024, voters approved Amendment H, which established an independent judicial discipline commission to investigate complaints against judges, replacing the previous system where discipline was handled internally by the Supreme Court.[26]
Direct Democracy
Colorado has a strong tradition of direct democracy through initiatives, referendums, and recall elections. The state constitution reserves these powers explicitly for the people:[27]
...the people reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and amendments to the constitution and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the general assembly and also reserve power at their own option to approve or reject at the polls any act or item, section, or part of any act of the general assembly.
Significant initiatives have included Term Limits (1990), the Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR) (1992), and Amendment 23 (2000), which set a fixed percentage of the budget for K-12 education. Voters passed Referendum C in 2005, amending some restrictions of TABOR and Amendment 23.[28]
Recent Events
2024 Ballot Measures
In 2024, Colorado voters passed several significant constitutional amendments that reflected the state's evolving political landscape:[29]
Amendment 79 enshrined a right to legal abortion in the state constitution and lifted a 40-year ban on public funding for abortion
Amendment J removed the 2006 same-sex marriage ban from the state constitution
Amendment G expanded property tax exemptions for disabled veterans
Amendment H established an independent judicial discipline board
Amendment I prohibited bail for first-degree murder defendants
Several citizen initiatives also passed in 2024, including:
Proposition 128, which increased minimum prison time served for violent crimes
Proposition 130, which established dedicated funding for law enforcement
Proposition KK, which created a new excise tax on firearms and ammunition sales
Notably, voters rejected Proposition 131, which would have fundamentally changed the state's election system by eliminating party primaries in favor of a top-four primary system and implementing ranked-choice voting for general elections. The proposed system would have allowed voters to rank candidates in order of preference, with the winner determined through an instant runoff process. The measure's defeat maintained Colorado's traditional party primary system.[30]
2024 Supreme Court Case
In 2024, Colorado became the center of a major constitutional controversy when its Supreme Court ruled in Anderson v. Griswold that former President Donald Trump was ineligible to appear on the state's primary ballot under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment due to his actions during the January 6 United States Capitol attack.[31]
The case, which reached the U.S. Supreme Court as Trump v. Anderson, resulted in a unanimous decision that states lack the authority to disqualify federal candidates under the Fourteenth Amendment.[32] The ruling highlighted Colorado's role in testing constitutional boundaries and demonstrated the state's willingness to engage in significant national political disputes. The case also sparked intense debate within Colorado about the proper role of state courts in federal election matters.[33]
In March 2024, Representative Ken Buck's resignation in the 4th Congressional District triggered a special election to fill the vacancy, the first time since 1983 such an election was held in the state.[34][35]
Rather than using primary elections, candidates were chosen through party committees - with a 111-member Republican committee and a Democratic convention selecting their respective nominees.[36]
Following the selection of Trisha Calvarese as the Democratic nominee for the June 25 special election, a legal challenge was filed questioning her eligibility in an attempt to block her nomination. The lawsuit, filed by a Democrat from Castle Rock against Secretary of State Jena Griswold, alleged that Calvarese was ineligible under state law 1-4-402, which requires party candidates to be affiliated with their party for twelve consecutive months prior to nomination. Calvarese, who was a native of the district but previously had been registered in Pennsylvania, registered as a Democrat in Colorado in December 2023, less than four months before her nomination.[37]
The Colorado Democratic Party defended Calvarese's nomination, arguing that while state law appeared to impose a residency requirement, only the U.S. Constitution's requirements for congressional candidates were relevant. Party Chair Shad Murib stated that party rules only required candidates to be Democrats for 12 months before the convention, which Calvarese claimed she met through her previous Democratic registration in Pennsylvania.[38]
The election, held on June 25, 2024, demonstrated the district's strong Republican lean, with Republican nominee Greg Lopez winning 57% of the vote compared to Democratic nominee Trisha Calvarese's 36%. Two minor-party candidates, LibertarianHannah Goodman and Approval Voting Party nominee Frank Atwood, also appeared on the ballot.[39] Lopez, who described himself as a "placeholder" candidate, indicated he would only serve for the remainder of Buck's term, which expires in January 2025, and would not run in the primary election for the subsequent term.
In a simultaneous Democratic primary, Calvarese defeated Ike McCorkle and John Padora to secure the nomination for the November general election. Lauren Boebert, who had moved from CD3, secured the Republican nomination with 43% of the vote against a field of 5 opponents, including former state senator Jerry Sonnenberg who finished second with 14.3% and controversial conservative radio host Deborah Flora who placed third with 13.8%.[40]
The state is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats John Hickenlooper and Michael Bennet serving since 2021 and 2010, respectively.
118th Congress
Colorado has eight seats in the United States House of Representatives since the 2020 reapportionment. Currently, five seats are held by Democrats and three by Republicans. The state's congressional delegation includes:
In the 2024 general election, Lauren Boebert defeated Democrat Trisha Calvarese in the 4th congressional district, having moved from CD3 to run in the new district.
In Boebert's former district, Republican Jeff Hurd defeated Democrat Adam Frisch to win the open seat. Frisch, who had narrowly lost to Boebert in 2022 by just 546 votes, conceded the race on November 6th. Hurd, a Grand Junction attorney and small business owner, had won the Republican primary with 41% of the vote and campaigned on creating economic opportunities in rural Colorado.[41]
In a close race, Democrat Yadira Caraveo lost her seat in the 8th congressional district to Republican challenger Gabe Evans. With over 95% of votes counted, Evans received 162,022 votes (49%) to Caraveo's 159,426 (48.2%), a margin of fewer than 2,600 votes. Approval Voting Party candidate Chris Baum received 5,699 votes (1.7%) and Unity Party candidate Susan Hall received 3,645 votes (1.1%). Caraveo conceded the race on November 10th, thanking her supporters and pledging to continue serving through the end of her term.[42]
These shifts brought the Democratic majority in the state's congressional delegation to an end for the first time since 2018. However, Colorado largely bucked the national Republican wave in 2024, with Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris winning the state with 54.4% of the vote compared to Trump's 43.1%. Analysts attributed Colorado's Democratic resilience to several factors, including its highly educated and urbanized population, low religiosity, and voters being less singularly focused on inflation compared to other states. While the state saw some rightward movement among Latino voters following national trends, this was offset by Democratic gains among white voters. The state's demographic makeup and focus on issues beyond just the economy helped maintain its overall Democratic lean despite Republican gains in congressional races.[43]
Political Dynamics
Regional Differences
Colorado's political geography shows distinct regional patterns. Democratic strength is concentrated in:
Denver, designated as Colorado's territorial capital in 1867, was formally established as the state capital when Colorado achieved statehood in 1876. The capital's location was contentious in the state's early years, with several other cities, including Colorado Springs, Golden, Boulder and Georgetown vying for the designation. The matter was settled by a statewide referendum in 1881 that confirmed Denver as the permanent capital.[45]
Denver's role as the state capital significantly influenced Colorado's political development. The city's rapid growth in the late 19th century, driven by mining, railroad expansion, and its position as a governmental center, established it as the state's primary political hub. This centralization of political power sometimes created tensions between Denver and rural areas, particularly during debates over water rights and resource allocation.[46]
The capital's political influence grew substantially during the 20th century as Denver's metropolitan area expanded. By the early 21st century, the Denver metropolitan area contained nearly half of Colorado's population, making it increasingly decisive in statewide elections and policymaking.
This urban-rural divide is particularly evident in water politics, which has been a defining issue in Colorado's political landscape since its founding. The state's water rights are governed by the prior appropriation doctrine ("first in time, first in right"), which has created ongoing tensions between urban and agricultural users, especially as urbanization in the Denver suburbs has increased demand for water.[47]
Water Politics and Interstate Relations
Colorado's position as a headwater state for several major river systems, including the Colorado River, Arkansas River, and South Platte River, makes it central to interstate water politics. The state is party to nine interstate water compacts, which legally bind Colorado to deliver specific amounts of water to downstream states.
The Colorado River Compact of 1922, perhaps the most significant of these agreements, requires upper basin states (Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and New Mexico) to deliver 7.5 million acre-feet of water annually to lower basin states (California, Arizona, and Nevada). As climate change reduces water availability and urban growth increases demand, this requirement has become increasingly contentious, leading to complex political negotiations and occasional legal disputes between states.[48]
The agricultural communities of Colorado's eastern plains, particularly farmers and ranchers, have been significantly impacted by water rights issues and aquifer depletion. These stakeholders often find themselves competing not only with urban water demands from the Front Range, but also with neighboring states' water usage patterns.
A major concern is the depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer, which extends beneath eastern Colorado and several neighboring states, including Nebraska. While Colorado has implemented various conservation measures and strict well-permitting processes, Nebraska's less restrictive policies regarding aquifer usage have led to tensions between the two states. In 2022, Nebraska proposed building a $500 million canal and reservoir system to divert water from the South Platte River in Colorado, citing a 1923 water compact between the states. This escalated tensions over water rights, with Nebraska claiming the project was necessary to protect its agricultural interests while Colorado officials expressed concerns about the impact on their state's water supply. The dispute highlighted the growing pressures on water resources in both states, as Nebraska's agricultural sector continues to draw heavily from the aquifer, with withdrawal rates often exceeding natural recharge rates. This has resulted in declining water tables that affect Colorado farmers near the state border, where the aquifer's depletion is particularly evident.[49]
The situation exemplifies the complex interplay between state water rights, agricultural sustainability, and interstate water management. Colorado farmers and ranchers in the region have had to adapt through various means, including implementing more efficient irrigation systems, shifting to less water-intensive crops, and in some cases, reducing cultivated acreage.[50]
Voter Demographics
As of 2022, unaffiliated voters comprise over 40% of Colorado's electorate, with these voters typically favoring Democratic candidates in recent elections.[51] The state's growing population of young, college-educated, and suburban voters has contributed to its Democratic shift.[2]
^Cronin, Thomas E.; Loevy, Robert D. (2012). Colorado Politics and Policy: Governing a Purple State. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 45–47. ISBN978-0-8032-4489-4.
De term Homunculus (Latijn voor mannetje) wordt vaak gebruikt als een personificatie van het bewustzijn of een interne instantie die indrukken uit de buitenwereld interpreteert en integreert. De homunculus kan ook worden gezien als een gebied in de hersenen waar indrukken worden samengevat of geïntegreerd. Vaak wordt daarbij verwezen naar de theorie van Descartes die aannam dat het bewustzijn zetelde in de pijnappelklier in de hersenen. Een veel geuite kritiek op de homunculus is dat van ein...
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Голованов; Голованов, Владимир. Владимир Семёнович Голованов Личная информация Пол мужской Страна СССР→ Россия Специализация тяжёлая атлетика Дата рождения 29 ноября 1938(1938-11-29) Место рождения с. Батамай, Я...
Campeonato de España de Atletismo de 2014 Campeonato de España de Atletismo Datos generalesSede Polideportivo José Caballero Alcobendas (Madrid)Categoría SéniorFecha 26 de julio 27 de julioEdición 94.ª Cronología 2013 2014 2015 Sitio oficial [editar datos en Wikidata] El XCIV Campeonato de España de Atletismo se disputó los días 26 y 27 de julio de 2014 en el Polideportivo José Caballero en Alcobendas, Madrid.[1] Junto a las pruebas individuales, se celebró el ca...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (ديسمبر 2020) إي. كارلتون سبراغ معلومات شخصية الميلاد 28 نوفمبر 1822 الوفاة 14 فبراير 1895 (72 سنة) بوفالو، نيويورك مكان الدفن مقبرة فورست لون مواطنة الولايات ا...
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) ستيفن لينن معلومات شخصية الميلاد 12 مارس 1956 (67 سنة) مواطنة أستراليا الحياة العملية المهنة لاعب كرة قدم أسترالية [لغات أخرى][1] اللغات ال...
Kabupaten Mamberamo TengahKabupaten LambangPetaKabupaten Mamberamo TengahPetaTampilkan peta Maluku dan PapuaKabupaten Mamberamo TengahKabupaten Mamberamo Tengah (Indonesia)Tampilkan peta IndonesiaKoordinat: 3°53′00″S 139°10′00″E / 3.88333°S 139.16667°E / -3.88333; 139.16667Negara IndonesiaProvinsiPapua PegununganTanggal berdiri4 Januari 2008Dasar hukumUU Nomor 3 Tahun 2008Ibu kotaKobakmaJumlah satuan pemerintahan Daftar Distrik: 5Kelurahan: 1Kampung: 5...
Lieutenant colonel The Right HonourableThe Earl of AirlieLord Airlie in 1883.BornDavid Stanley William Ogilvy20 January 1856Florence, Grand Duchy of TuscanyDied11 June 1900(1900-06-11) (aged 44)Pretoria, South African RepublicOccupationScottish peerSpouse Lady Mabell Gore (m. 1886)ChildrenLady Kitty OgilvyLady Helen OgilvyLady Mabell OgilvyDavid Ogilvy, 12th Earl of AirlieHon. Bruce OgilvyHon. Patrick OgilvyParent(s)David Ogilvy, 10th Earl of AirlieHon. Hen...
This is a list of regions and administrative divisions of Vietnam by Human Development Index as of 2020. Regions Regions of Vietnam by HDI (2019) 0.737 to 0.748 0.706 to 0.736 0.667 to 0.705 0.655 to 0.666 This is a list of the Regions of Vietnam by Human Development Index as of 2023 with data for the year 2021.[1] Rank Region HDI (2021) [1] High human development 1 Red River Delta 0.744 2 Southeast 0.714 3 North Central Coast an...
Japanese manga series and its franchise TorikoFirst tankōbon volume cover, featuring the titular character, TorikoトリコGenreAdventure[1]Comic fantasy[1]Gourmet[2][3] MangaWritten byMitsutoshi ShimabukuroPublished byShueishaEnglish publisherAUS: Madman EntertainmentNA: Viz MediaImprintJump ComicsMagazineWeekly Shōnen JumpEnglish magazineNA: Weekly Shonen JumpDemographicShōnenOriginal runMay 19, 2008 – November 21, 2016Volumes43 (List of volume...
Singaporean politician and lawyer The HonourableHany Soh苏慧敏Soh in 2021Member of Parliamentfor Marsiling–Yew Tee GRC(Woodgrove)IncumbentAssumed office 10 July 2020Preceded byOng Teng KoonMajority29,081 (26.36%) Personal detailsBorn1987 (age 35–36)[1]SingaporePolitical partyPeople's Action PartyChildren2Alma materUniversity of Liverpool (LLB)OccupationPoliticianlawyer In this Chinese name, the family name is Soh. Hany Soh Hui Bin (Chinese: 苏慧敏; pinyin...
Breed of domestic goat MalteseConservation statusFAO (2007): not at risk[1]Country of originAsia Minor[2]DistributionSardiniaSicilysouthern Italy[3]GreeceTurkeyStandardMIPAAFUsemilk[4]TraitsWeightMale: 70 kg[2]Female: 46 kg[2]HeightMale: 87 cm[2]Female: 71 cm[2]Skin colourpinkish white, dark where the coat is blackWool colourwhiteFace colourwhite with black sides, black crown and black earsHorn statussometimes horned[5]Be...
Gouvernement de la GuinéeCadreType Pouvoir exécutifPays GuinéeOrganisationPremier ministre Bernard Goumou (depuis 2022), Ibrahima Kassory Fofana (depuis 2018)modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le gouvernement de la république de Guinée est l' organe exécutif le plus élevé de Guinée. Cabinet Article détaillé : Gouvernement Mohamed Béavogui/Bernard Goumou. Image Fonction Portefeuille Premier ministre Bernard Goumou Ministre d'ÉtatMinistre de la Défense nati...
Starch derived from corn (maize) grain This article is about corn starch. For cornmeal also known as cornflour, see Cornmeal. Corn starchCorn starch powderFood energy(per 100 g serving)381 kcal (1595 kJ)Nutritional value(per 100 g serving)Protein0.3 gFat0.1 gCarbohydrate91 gOther informationdensity 0.54 g/ml [1] Cookbook: Corn starch Media: Corn starch Corn starch mixed in water Corn starch, maize starch, or cornflour (British English) is t...
Shehu of Bornu Sanda Kura of Borno Umar Sanda Kura, Shehu of Dikwa, wears around his neck the ring collar of a European uniform. Likely taken in 1900 after the defeat of Rabih az-ZubayrShehu of BornuReign14 January 1900 – October 1900 (deposed)PredecessorSanda Wuduroma of BornoSuccessorAbubakar Garbai of BornoReign1922–1937PredecessorAbubakar Garbai of BornoSuccessorUmar Ibn Muhammad of BornoBornUmar Sanda ibn Ibrahim KuraDied1937BornoDynastyKanemiFatherIbrahim Kura of BornoReligionMuslim...
1999 studio album by Steve HackettDarktownStudio album by Steve HackettReleased4 May 1999GenreProgressive rockLength56:33 (Original issue) 71:39 (2013 reissue)LabelInsideOut MusicProducerSteve HackettRoger KingSteve Hackett chronology The Tokyo Tapes(1998) Darktown(1999) Sketches of Satie(2000) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1] Darktown is the 14th studio album by English musician Steve Hackett, released in 1999. It was reissued in 2013 with 3 bonus trac...
Partido Liberal-Demócrata de AlemaniaLiberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands Presidente Waldemar Koch, Wilhelm Külz, Arthur Lieutenant, Karl Hamann, Hermann Kastner, Hans Loch, Max Suhrbier, Manfred Gerlach y Rainer OrtlebFundación 5 de julio de 1945Disolución 1990 [1]Ideología 1945-1948; 1989-1990: Liberalismo1948-1989: Socialismo liberalPosición Centroderecha (1945-1948; 1989-1990)Izquierda (1948-1989)Sede Berlín EstePaís Alemania Oriental1 Fusión con el Partido ...
2002 experimental short film MetronomeDirected byDaniel CockburnWritten byDaniel CockburnProduced byDaniel CockburnStarringDaniel CockburnCinematography Chris MacLean (additional camera): Hilda Rasula Daniel Cockburn Edited byHilda RasulaProductioncompanyZeroFunction ProductionsDistributed byVtape[1]Release date 26 October 2002 (2002-10-26) (Moving Pictures Festival) Running time11 minutes[1]CountryCanadaLanguageEnglish Metronome is a 2002 Canadian short exp...
French designer (born 1970) This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (October 2014) Yelken Octuri is a French designer born in 1970[citation needed] whose work includes aircraft design, product design, and furniture design. He designed a yacht to go in air and water.[1] He is from France and works as a cabin designer for Airbus. Octuri was designated as one of ...
1959-1986 Daring-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy For other ships with the same name, see HMAS Vampire. HMAS Vampire, HMAS Onslow, and the HM Bark Endeavour replica on display at the Australian National Maritime Museum History Australia BuilderCockatoo Island Dockyard Laid down1 July 1953 Launched27 October 1956 Commissioned23 June 1959 Decommissioned13 August 1986 ReclassifiedTraining ship (1980) MottoAudamus (Latin: Let Us Be Daring)[note 1] Nickname(s) The Bat Mobi...
2008 Meteor AwardsMeteor Awards 2008 logoDate15 February 2008 (2008-02-15)LocationRDS SimmonscourtPresented byDara Ó BriainWebsitemeteormusicawards.meteor.ie/index.aspxTelevision/radio coverageNetworkRTÉ Two ← 2007 · Meteor Music Awards · 2009 → The 2008 Meteor Music Awards ceremony was held in the RDS Simmonscourt, Dublin, on Friday, 15 February 2008.[1] Nineteen awards were presented.[2] It was the eighth edition of the Repu...
Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!
