Phạm Hùng was born on June 11, 1912, in Vĩnh Long Province, in the Mekong River Delta of southern Vietnam. He was a member of the Communist Party of Indochina since 1930. The following year, he was arrested by the French colonial authorities for killing a landowner and sentenced to death. His sentence was converted into a prison sentence. In 1936, he was amnestied. He was arrested again in 1939 and remained imprisoned until 1945 on the infamous prison island Poulo Condore. During his imprisonment, he is described as one of the leaders of the communist prisoners. During the First Indochina War, he was one of the active party leaders in the south of the country and although in a formally subordinate position, controlled large sections of the Viet Minh security forces in the south. In 1951, he was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the party.[2]
Pham Hung as a prisoner of the French colonialists in 1932
After the withdrawal of France and signature of Geneva Accords, Pham Hung was ordered in 1955 to Hanoi. In 1957, he became a member of the Politburo of the party.[3]: 100 He was closely allied with Lê Duẩn who by early 1964 had become the effective leader of North Vietnam. Lê Duẩn and his supporters adopted a more belligerent approach to the armed struggle in South Vietnam in contrast to moderates such as Ho Chi Minh and Võ Nguyên Giáp.[3]: 108–10
After the war, he returned to his role in the Politburo. In 1979, he became Minister of the Interior. In 1987, he took over the post of prime minister after the withdrawal of Phạm Văn Đồng.[4]
^Ronald B. Frankum Jr. Historical Dictionary of the War in Vietnam 2011 p.357 "Phạm Hùng (1912-1988). Born Phạm Van Thién and also known as Bay Cuong, Phạm Hùng joined the Indochinese Communist Party in 1930 after being expelled from school for his radical activities two years earlier. "
^Jacques Dalloz : Dictionnaire de la Guerre d'Indochine, Paris, 2006, S. 195 Christopher E. Goscha: Historical Dictionary of the Indochina War (1945–1954) – An International and Interdisciplinary Approach. Kopenhagen 2011, S. 169f
^ abcAsselin, Pierre (2018). Vietnam's American War A History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-1107510500.
^Bruce L. Lockhart, William J. Duiker : Historical Dictionary of Vietnam, Oxford, 2006, S. 304
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