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Paulina Álvarez
Paulina Álvarez
Birth name	Raimunda Paula Peña Álvarez
Also known as	La Emperatriz del Danzonete
Born	June 29, 1912; Cienfuegos, Cuba
Died	July 22, 1965 (aged 53); Havana, Cuba
Genres	Danzonete; bolero; canción; guaracha;
Occupation	Singer
Instrument	Voice
Years active	1920–65
Labels	Victor; Panart; Areito;
Formerly of	Orquesta Elegante; Orquesta Castillito; Cheo Belén Puig; Neno González; Luis Armando Ortega; Rafael Somavilla;

Raimunda Paula Peña Álvarez (June 29, 1912 – July 22, 1965), better known as Paulina Álvarez, was a renowned Cuban singer of danzonetes (sung danzones). She became the leading exponent of the genre during the 1930s, being nicknamed La Emperatriz del Danzonete (The Empress of the Danzonete). Her greatest hit was the song "Rompiendo la rutina", the first danzonete, composed by Aniceto Díaz in 1929. In 1960 she recorded her only LP record.

Life and career

Early life and career

Paulina Álvarez was born Raimunda Paula Peña Álvarez on June 29, 1912 in Cienfuegos, Cuba.^[1]^[2] By the time she was eight or nine years old she was singing at parties and school functions.^[1]^[3] In 1926, at age 14, her family moved to Havana, where she started her professional singing career in societies, theatres and radio shows.^[1] She sang boleros and canciones, but quickly became specialized in a new style of sung danzón influenced by the son cubano called danzonete. In 1931 she became the singer for Orquesta Elegante, directed by Edelmiro Pérez and featuring pianist Obdulio Morales.^[3]

Rise to fame

Paulina Álvarez with Orquesta Elegante in 1931.

Shortly after joining La Elegante, she rose to fame with "Rompiendo la rutina", the very first danzonete, which had been composed by Aniceto Díaz in 1929.^[3] Such hit earned her the title "La Emperatriz del Danzonete" (The Empress of the Danzonete), given to her by presenter Ruiz del Vizo.^[4] Other early hits were the boleros "Lágrimas negras" (Miguel Matamoros) and "Mujer divina" (Agustín Lara).^[5] Nonetheless, it was not easy for her to achieve success due to the sexist bias of band directors at the time.^[4] She then sang with the orchestras of Luis del Castillo (Castillito), Ernesto Muñoz, Cheo Belén Puig, Hermanos Martínez and Neno González. In 1938 she established her own band including director/flautist Manolo Morales, pianist Everardo Ordaz, double bassist Rodolfo O'Farrill and güiro player Gustavo Tamayo.^[6] With this band she recorded several singles for Victor in 1939 and 1940, including not only danzones but also guarachas and rumbas.^[3]

Later years

By the 1940s, the popularity of son conjuntos and the decline of danzón orchestras forced Álvarez to go on hiatus. She took this time to study solfège and music theory, and took up the guitar and the piano at the Academia Municipal de La Habana (current Amadeo Roldán Conservatory). She also improved her vocal technique, wanting to become a better singer.^[3] After her studies, she founded a new orchestra with his husband, violinist Luis Armando Ortega, and in 1943 they got a programme at the CMQ radio station.^[3] The new band featured flautist José Fajardo and pianist Rubén González.^[6] After another brief hiatus in the late 1940s and early 1950s, she resumed performing in 1956.^[5] In 1959, she recorded the definitive version of "Rompiendo la rutina" backed by la Gran Orquesta Típica Nacional, directed by Gilberto Valdés.^[3]

In 1960, Álvarez recorded her only LP record at Havana's EGREM studios (the former Panart studios) with Rafael Somavilla's orchestra, an album that included famous boleros such as "Campanitas de cristal" (Rafael Hernández) and "Obsesión" (Pedro Flores).^[3] Her last public appearance took place on May 18, 1965 in the television show Música y Estrellas, where she performed the bolero "Honda pena" together with famous danzón singer Barbarito Díez and the popular charanga Orquesta Aragón.^[5] Paulina Álvarez died on July 22, 1965, in Havana.^[1]

Legacy and influence

Paulina Álvarez is considered one of the most influential popular female singers in Cuba, as acknowledged by salsa star Celia Cruz who considered herself a disciple of Álvarez.^[3] In 2010, famous bolero singer Omara Portuondo recorded a tribute album to Álvarez called Rompiendo la rutina, which was awarded one of the special prizes at Cubadisco 2011.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Orovio, Helio (2004). Cuban Music from A to Z. Bath, UK: Tumi. p. 12. ISBN 0822332124.
^ Leymarie, Isabel (1997). Cuban Fire: Musiques populaires d'expression cubaine (in French). Paris, France: Outre Mesure. p. 73.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Díaz Ayala, Cristóbal (Fall 2013). "Paulina Álvarez" (PDF). Encyclopedic Discography of Cuban Music 1925-1960. Florida International University Libraries. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Martínez Rodríguez, Raúl (1998). Ellos hacen la música cubana (in Spanish). Havana, Cuba: Letras Cubanas. pp. 62–63.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ortega, Josefina (2003). "La emperatriz Paulina". La Jiribilla (in Spanish). Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
^ ^a ^b Dalmace, Patrick. "Paulina Álvarez". Montuno Cubano (in French). Retrieved June 3, 2015.
^ de la Hoz, Pedro (May 9, 2011). "Hacia Cubadisco 2011". Granma Digital (in Spanish). Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 3, 2015.