Orkhon River

Orkhon River Orkhon Gol
Native name	Орхон гол (Mongolian)
Location
Country	Mongolia
Aimags	Övörkhangai, Arkhangai, Bulgan, Darkhan-Uul, Selenge
Major cities	Kharkhorin (Karakorum), Sükhbaatar
Physical characteristics
Source	Suvraga Khairkhan
• location	Tsenkher sum, Arkhangai
• coordinates	47°2′59″N 101°20′30″E
Mouth	Selenga
• location	Sükhbaatar city, Selenge aimag
• coordinates	50°15′0″N 106°8′20″E
Length	1,124 km (698 mi)
Basin size	132,835 km^2 (51,288 sq mi)
Discharge
• location	Bulgan
• average	66 m^3/s (2,300 cu ft/s)
• minimum	0.5 m^3/s (18 cu ft/s)February
• maximum	190.2 m^3/s (6,720 cu ft/s)July
Basin features
Progression	Selenga→ Lake Baikal→ Angara→ Yenisey→ Kara Sea
Tributaries
• left	Tamir River
• right	Tuul River, Kharaa River

Ulaan Tsutgalan waterfall

The Orkhon River (/ˈɔːrkɒn/;^[1] Mongolian: Орхон гол [ˈɔrχɞɴ‿ɢɜɮ])^[a] is a river in Mongolia.

The Orkhon river derives its name from the Old Turkic prefix "or" meaning "middle", and "khan" or king.

It rises in the Khangai Mountains in the Tsenkher sum of Arkhangai aimag at the foot of the Suvraga Khairkhan mountain.^[3] From there, it crosses the border into Övörkhangai aimag and follows the upper Orkhon valley in an eastern direction until it reaches Kharkhorin. On this stretch, very close to the Orkhon, the Ulaan Tsutgalan river features a waterfall, ten metres (33 ft) wide and twenty metres (66 ft) high,^[4] which is a popular destination for tourists.

From Kharkhorin it flows northwards until it reaches Bulgan aimag, and then north-east to join the Selenge River next to Sükhbaatar city in Selenge aimag, close to the Russian border.^[5] The Selenge then flows further north into Russia and Lake Baikal.

With 1,124 km (698 mi), the Orkhon is longer than the Selenge, making it the longest river in Mongolia. Major tributaries of the Orkhon river are the Tuul River and Tamir River.

There are two sets of ancient ruins along the river valley: Khar Balgas, the ancient capital of the Uyghur Kingdom and Karakorum, the ancient capital of the Mongol Empire. Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov excavated several Xiongnu Imperial tombs in the area of the river valley.

Fish in the Orkhon River include pike, carp, perch, taimen and catfish.

UNESCO lists the Orkhon Valley as a World Heritage Site.

See also

• Khöshöö Tsaidam Monuments (World heritage site)
• List of rivers of Mongolia

Notes

1. Old Chinese: 安侯水 (*arhoushui)^ ^[2]

References

1. "Orkhon". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
2. Onat, Ayşe; Orsoy, Sema; Ercilasun, Konuralp (2020). Han Hanedanı Tarihi Hsiung-Nu (Hun) Monografisi (in Turkish). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 135. ISBN 978-975-16-1707-1.
3. "Russian army map "100k--l47-035"". Maps for the world. Retrieved 2015-01-05.
4. [WATERFALL ULAAN TSUTGALAN https://mongolia-guide.com/place/waterfall-ulaan-tsutgalan]
5. "Russian army map "100k--m48-069"". Maps for the world. Retrieved 2015-01-05.

Further reading

• H. Barthel, Mongolei-Land zwischen Taiga und Wüste, Gotha 1990, p. 34f

External links